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Noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms
Reviews of Modern Physics ( IF 44.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 , DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.94.015004
Kishor Bharti , Alba Cervera-Lierta , Thi Ha Kyaw , Tobias Haug , Sumner Alperin-Lea , Abhinav Anand , Matthias Degroote , Hermanni Heimonen , Jakob S. Kottmann , Tim Menke , Wai-Keong Mok , Sukin Sim , Leong-Chuan Kwek , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

A universal fault-tolerant quantum computer that can efficiently solve problems such as integer factorization and unstructured database search requires millions of qubits with low error rates and long coherence times. While the experimental advancement toward realizing such devices will potentially take decades of research, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers already exist. These computers are composed of hundreds of noisy qubits, i.e., qubits that are not error corrected, and therefore perform imperfect operations within a limited coherence time. In the search for achieving quantum advantage with these devices, algorithms have been proposed for applications in various disciplines spanning physics, machine learning, quantum chemistry, and combinatorial optimization. The overarching goal of such algorithms is to leverage the limited available resources to perform classically challenging tasks. In this review, a thorough summary of NISQ computational paradigms and algorithms is provided. The key structure of these algorithms and their limitations and advantages are discussed. A comprehensive overview of various benchmarking and software tools useful for programming and testing NISQ devices is additionally provided.

中文翻译:

嘈杂的中尺度量子算法

一个通用的容错量子计算机可以有效地解决整数分解和非结构化数据库搜索等问题,需要数百万个具有低错误率和长相干时间的量子比特。虽然实现此类设备的实验进展可能需要数十年的研究,但嘈杂的中等规模量子 (NISQ) 计算机已经存在。这些计算机由数百个嘈杂的量子位组成,即没有纠错的量子位,因此在有限的相干时间内执行不完美的操作。在寻找使用这些设备实现量子优势的过程中,已经提出了用于跨越物理、机器学习、量子化学和组合优化等各个学科的算法。这种算法的首要目标是利用有限的可用资源来执行经典的具有挑战性的任务。在这篇综述中,提供了对 NISQ 计算范式和算法的全面总结。讨论了这些算法的关键结构及其局限性和优势。还提供了对 NISQ 设备编程和测试有用的各种基准测试和软件工具的全面概述。
更新日期:2022-02-15
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