Green-synthesized nanoparticles have a tremendous antimicrobial potential to be used as an alternative to hazardous fungicides. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed by using Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were subjected to different characterization techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the surface plasmon resonance band in the range of 400–450 nm, and zeta analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs ranged 4–30 nm in size. Scanning electron microscopy depicted tiny fused rectangular segments and the crystalline nature of the synthesized AgNPs was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector confirmed the presence of metallic silver ions. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed the presence of phenols as main reducing agents in the plant extract. Foliar application of different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) of AgNPs was applied on wheat plants inoculated with Puccinia striiformis to assess the disease incidence against stripe rust disease. AgNPs at a conc. of 75 ppm were found to be more effective against wheat stripe rust disease. Furthermore, the application of AgNPs enhanced morpho-physiological attributes and reduced nonenzymatic compounds and antioxidant enzymes in wheat. The present study highlights the potential role of the green-synthesized AgNPs as a biological control of yellow rust disease.

中文翻译：

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叶面喷施绿色合成纳米银对小麦条锈病病害的保护作用

绿色合成的纳米粒子具有巨大的抗菌潜力，可用作危险杀菌剂的替代品。在本研究中，使用辣木叶提取物作为还原剂和稳定剂进行银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 的绿色合成。对合成的 AgNPs 进行了不同的表征技术。紫外-可见光谱证实表面等离子体共振带在 400-450 nm 范围内，zeta 分析显示合成的 AgNPs 尺寸范围为 4-30 nm。扫描电子显微镜描绘了微小的融合矩形段，并且使用 X 射线衍射证实了合成的 AgNPs 的结晶性质。能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 检测器证实了金属银离子的存在。傅里叶变换红外分析显示酚类作为植物提取物中的主要还原剂存在。将不同浓度（25、50、75 和 100 ppm）的 AgNPs 叶面施用于接种了条锈病的小麦植株上，以评估对条锈病的发病率。AgNPs 浓度为 发现 75 ppm 对小麦条锈病更有效。此外，AgNPs 的应用增强了小麦中的形态生理属性并减少了非酶化合物和抗氧化酶。本研究强调了绿色合成的 AgNPs 作为黄锈病生物防治的潜在作用。将 100 ppm) 的 AgNPs 应用于接种了条锈病的小麦植物上，以评估对条锈病的发病率。AgNPs 浓度为 发现 75 ppm 对小麦条锈病更有效。此外，AgNPs 的应用增强了小麦中的形态生理属性并减少了非酶化合物和抗氧化酶。本研究强调了绿色合成的 AgNPs 作为黄锈病生物防治的潜在作用。将 100 ppm) 的 AgNPs 应用于接种了条锈病的小麦植物上，以评估对条锈病的发病率。AgNPs 浓度为 发现 75 ppm 对小麦条锈病更有效。此外，AgNPs 的应用增强了小麦中的形态生理属性并减少了非酶化合物和抗氧化酶。本研究强调了绿色合成的 AgNPs 作为黄锈病生物防治的潜在作用。