Gender-based violence (GBV) is that perpetrated based on sex, gender identity, or perceived adherence to socially defined gender norms. This human rights violation is disproportionately experienced by HIV key populations including female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID), and men who have sex with men (MSM). Consequently, addressing GBV is a global priority in HIV response. There is limited consensus about optimal interventions and little known about effectiveness. Our systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature were searched for articles that described a GBV prevention or response intervention specifically for key populations including FSW, PWID, and MSM. Results were organized by level(s) of implementation and pillars of a comprehensive GBV response: prevention, survivor support, and accountability/justice. Of 4,287 articles following removal of duplicates, 32 unique interventions (21 FSW, seven PWID, and nine MSM, not mutually exclusive) met inclusion criteria, representing 13 countries. Multisectoral interventions blended empowerment, advocacy, and crisis response with reductions in violence. Individual-level interventions included violence screening and response services. Violence-related safety promotion and risk reduction counseling within HIV risk reduction programming reduced violence. Quantitative evaluations were limited. Violence prevention and response interventions for FSW, PWID, and MSM span individual, community, and multisectoral levels with evidence of promising practices at each level. The strongest evidence supported addressing violence in the context of sexually transmitted infection/HIV risk reduction. As interventions continue to emerge, the rigor of accompanying evaluations must simultaneously advance to enable clarity on the health and safety impact of GBV prevention and response programming.

基于性别的暴力 (GBV) 是基于性别、性别认同或认为遵守社会定义的性别规范的行为。包括女性性工作者 (FSW)、注射吸毒者 (PWID) 和男男性行为者 (MSM) 在内的 HIV 重点人群尤其容易遭受这种人权侵犯。因此，解决 GBV 是艾滋病毒应对工作的全球优先事项。关于最佳干预的共识有限，对有效性知之甚少。我们的系统评价遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南，并在国际系统评价前瞻性登记册中注册。搜索了同行评议和非同行评议的文献，以寻找描述专门针对包括 FSW 在内的关键人群的 GBV 预防或应对干预的文章，PWID 和 MSM。结果按实施水平和全面 GBV 应对的支柱组织：预防、幸存者支持和问责制/正义。在删除重复后的 4,287 篇文章中，32 篇独特的干预措施（21 篇 FSW、7 篇 PWID 和 9 篇 MSM，不相互排斥）符合纳入标准，代表 13 个国家。多部门干预将赋权、宣传和危机应对与减少暴力相结合。个人层面的干预措施包括暴力筛查和应对服务。艾滋病毒风险降低规划中与暴力相关的安全促进和风险降低咨询减少了暴力。定量评估是有限的。针对 FSW、PWID 和 MSM 的暴力预防和应对干预措施涵盖个人、社区、和多部门级别，每个级别都有有希望的做法的证据。最有力的证据支持在降低性传播感染/艾滋病风险的背景下解决暴力问题。随着干预措施的不断出现，伴随评估的严谨性必须同时推进，以明确 GBV 预防和应对规划对健康和安全的影响。