Shrimp aquaculture in India is synonymous with coastal aquaculture. Like other agricultural activities, it appropriates a wide range of environmental goods and services, and is vulnerable to impacts of climate change as the cultured animals are sensitive to various kinds of biotic and abiotic stressors. Climate change affects the shrimp aquaculture directly by extreme weather events and seasonal variations, and indirectly alter the primary and secondary productivity, structure and composition of the ecosystems or by influencing the availability of fishmeal, fish oil and other goods and services required for aquaculture farmers. The perceptions of farmers on the impacts of climate change on shrimp aquaculture in inland and coastal areas of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh are discussed. Cyclone and flood were perceived by all the farmers, whereas irregular season, high temperature, heavy rain and drought were perceived by 79, 89, 91 and 5 % of farmers, respectively. Environmental, biological, and economic impacts of climate change drivers on aquaculture indicated 20 to 30 % loss due to seasonal variations and 50 to 100% loss due to extremely heavy rainfall, flood and cyclones. The economic risk rating was high with flood followed by the cyclone and the magnitude was more in coastal areas compared to inland areas. There is no universally applicable list of adaptation measures and need to be evaluated for individual aquaculture systems. Autonomous and planned adaptation measures to be implemented by farmers, researchers and policymakers are discussed for climate-resilient aquaculture. Planned adaptive measures are either at the primary level or non-existence, hence policy initiatives are required to formulate planned adaptive measures to enhance the adaptive capacity of the farmers.

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气候变化的影响和对虾养殖的适应：印度沿海安得拉邦的一项研究

印度的虾类水产养殖是沿海水产养殖的代名词。与其他农业活动一样，它占用了广泛的环境产品和服务，并且容易受到气候变化的影响，因为养殖的动物对各种生物和非生物压力源很敏感。气候变化通过极端天气事件和季节变化直接影响对虾养殖，并间接改变初级和次级生产力、生态系统的结构和组成，或通过影响水产养殖者所需的鱼粉、鱼油和其他商品和服务的供应。讨论了农民对气候变化对安得拉邦克里希纳区内陆和沿海地区对虾养殖影响的看法。所有农民都察觉到了旋风和洪水，79%、89%、91% 和 5% 的农民分别认为季节不规律、高温、大雨和干旱。气候变化驱动因素对水产养殖的环境、生物和经济影响表明，季节性变化造成 20% 至 30% 的损失，而特大降雨、洪水和飓风造成的损失则为 50% 至 100%。经济风险等级较高，洪水紧随其后，飓风过后，沿海地区的规模大于内陆地区。没有普遍适用的适应措施清单，需要针对个别水产养殖系统进行评估。讨论了农民、研究人员和政策制定者为适应气候变化的水产养殖而实施的自主和有计划的适应措施。计划的适应性措施要么处于初级阶段，要么不存在，