The climate of Brahmaputra valley (located in the North-eastern Indian state of Assam) witnesses considerable changes with sub-tropical rain-storm atmosphere and has four well-defined seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon, winter and pre-monsoon) in a year. The state is experiencing extreme climatic events like erratic rainfall patterns (causing abnormally high floods) and drought-like situations in recent years, which adversely affects fish seed production thereby affecting pond aquaculture and fisheries enhancements in open-waters of the region. The present paper describes the major constraints faced by fish seed producers of the region because of extreme climatic events (abnormally high floods and prolonged dry spells) based on field studies in 27 fish seed production farms (randomly selected) located in three districts of Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India. Primary data on different aspects of constraints faced by the fish seed producers because of extreme climatic events were collected and analysed. Rank Based Quotient values were calculated, based on ranks given by the fish seed producers for each constraint to prioritize them. Dominant constraint related to abnormally high floods faced by the fish seed producers was ‘loss of brood stock’ (Rank based quotient=99.1) whereas the least important constraint was ‘entry of weeds/macrophytes’ during floods (Rank Based Quotient=25.5). Constraints related to drought-like situations ranged from the least important ones like ‘low milt production of male brood fishes’ that had the lowest value (12.5) to the over-arching constraint of ‘inadequate water depth in fish ponds’ during pre-monsoon and prolonged dry spells (Rank Based Quotient=100.0). Adaptive strategies developed by fish seed producers of the study region to overcome the major constraints have been outlined in the paper. The need for developing improved risk management at macro-level through appropriate policy support to fish seed producers in the fish-deficit region and suggested policy support measures for ensuring sustainability are discussed.

中文翻译：

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极端气候事件对印度阿萨姆邦下布拉马普特拉河谷鱼种生产的影响：约束分析和适应策略

布拉马普特拉河谷（位于印度东北部的阿萨姆邦）的气候在亚热带暴雨气氛中发生了相当大的变化，并且在一年内有四个明确的季节（季风、季风后、冬季和季风前）年。近年来，该州正在经历极端气候事件，例如降雨模式不稳定（导致异常高的洪水）和类似干旱的情况，这对鱼种生产产生了不利影响，从而影响了该地区开放水域的池塘水产养殖和渔业发展。本文基于对位于下雅鲁藏布江三个地区的 27 个鱼种生产农场（随机选择）的实地研究，描述了该地区鱼种生产者由于极端气候事件（异常高洪水和长期干旱）而面临的主要限制印度阿萨姆山谷地区。收集和分析了鱼种生产者因极端气候事件而面临的不同方面的限制的原始数据。根据鱼种生产者对每个约束的优先级给出的排名，计算基于排名的商值。与鱼种生产者面临的异常高洪水相关的主要约束是“亲本损失”（基于等级的商=99.1），而最不重要的限制是洪水期间的“杂草/大型植物进入”（基于等级的商=25。5）。与类似干旱的情况相关的约束范围从最不重要的约束，例如具有最低值 (12.5) 的“雄性育雏鱼的低精液产量”到季风前“鱼塘水深不足”的总体约束和长时间的干旱（基于等级的商=100.0）。本文概述了研究区域的鱼种生产者为克服主要限制而制定的适应性战略。讨论了通过向缺鱼地区的鱼种生产者提供适当的政策支持，在宏观层面改进风险管理的必要性，并讨论了确保可持续性的建议政策支持措施。5）在季风前和长期干旱期间“鱼塘水深不足”的总体约束（基于等级的商=100.0）。本文概述了研究区域的鱼种生产者为克服主要限制而制定的适应性战略。讨论了通过向缺鱼地区的鱼种生产者提供适当的政策支持，在宏观层面改进风险管理的必要性，并讨论了确保可持续性的建议政策支持措施。5）在季风前和长期干旱期间“鱼塘水深不足”的总体约束（基于等级的商=100.0）。本文概述了研究区域的鱼种生产者为克服主要限制而制定的适应性战略。讨论了通过向缺鱼地区的鱼种生产者提供适当的政策支持，在宏观层面改进风险管理的必要性，并讨论了确保可持续性的建议政策支持措施。