Insomnia is a common disease that negatively affects patients both mentally and physically. While insomnia disorder is mainly characterized by hyperarousal, a few studies that have directly intervened with cortical arousal. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a neurofeedback protocol for reducing cortical arousal on insomnia compared to cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I). Seventeen adults with insomnia, free of other psychiatric illnesses, were randomly assigned to neurofeedback or CBT-I. All participants completed questionnaires on insomnia [Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)], sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)], and dysfunctional cognition [Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-16)]. The neurofeedback group showed decreases in beta waves and increases in theta and alpha waves in various areas of the electroencephalogram (EEG), indicating lowered cortical arousal. The ISI and PSQI scores were significantly decreased, and sleep efficiency and sleep satisfaction were increased compared to the pre-treatment scores in both groups. DBAS scores decreased only in the CBT-I group (NF p = 0.173; CBT-I p = 0.012). This study confirmed that neurofeedback training could alleviate the symptoms of insomnia by reducing cortical hyperarousal in patients, despite the limited effect in reducing cognitive dysfunction compared to CBT-I.

失眠是一种常见的疾病，对患者的精神和身体都有负面影响。虽然失眠症的主要特征是过度唤醒，但也有少数研究直接干预了皮质唤醒。本研究旨在研究与失眠症认知行为治疗 (CBT-I) 相比，神经反馈方案对减少皮质唤醒对失眠症的影响。17 名患有失眠症、没有其他精神疾病的成年人被随机分配到神经反馈组或 CBT-I 组。所有参与者都完成了关于失眠 [失眠严重程度指数 (ISI)]、睡眠质量 [匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI)] 和认知功能障碍 [关于睡眠量表 (DBAS-16) 的功能障碍信念和态度] 的问卷调查。神经反馈组在脑电图 (EEG) 的各个区域显示 β 波减少，θ 波和 α 波增加，表明皮质觉醒降低。与治疗前评分相比，两组ISI和PSQI评分均显着降低，睡眠效率和睡眠满意度均有所提高。DBAS 评分仅在 CBT-I 组（NFp  = 0.173; CBT-I p  = 0.012)。这项研究证实，尽管与 CBT-I 相比，神经反馈训练在减少认知功能障碍方面的效果有限，但可以通过减少患者的皮质过度兴奋来缓解失眠症状。