The Camphill Movement is one of the largest independent providers of social care for people with a learning disability: there are 119 communities located throughout the world. From the start, the principal aim of the Movement—co-founded by Dr. Karl König and his wife Tilla (née Maasberg) in Aberdeen—was to build communities in which children and adults with a learning disability could live, learn, and work with others in healthy social relationships. Karl König was born in Leopoldstadt, Vienna on the 25 September 1902 and died on the 27 March 1966 in a Camphill community in Brachenreuthe, Germany. Mathilde Maasberg was born in Gnadenfrei, Silesia, on the 9 March 1902 and died on the 17 September 1983 in the Camphill community of Fairways in South Africa. The paper focuses primarily on the lives of Karl and Tilla König and highlights the key points in their respective biographies. Whilst it is usually the name of Dr. Karl König that is associated with the Camphill Movement, a case is presented here that his wife significantly shaped the essential character of the Camphill way of life. She had been born into a Moravian Brethren settlement and latterly wove a strong, discernible and enduring element of Moravian practice into the fabric of Camphill life and work. Since the deaths of Karl and Tilla König Camphill communities have continued to seek the creation of environments where the economic, social and spiritual aspects of the community life complement one another. The paper identifies six key constituents that it is argued are central to the essence of Camphillness: mutuality, rhythmicity, spirituality, tranquillity, ecological sensitivity and economic sustainability. The paper ends with reflections on the 21st Century relevance of Camphill communities.

中文翻译：

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Karl 和 Tilla König 以及 Camphill 运动的创立

Camphill 运动是为有学习障碍的人提供社会关怀的最大独立提供者之一：全世界有 119 个社区。从一开始，由 Karl König 博士和他的妻子 Tilla (née Maasberg) 在阿伯丁共同创立的运动的主要目标是建立有学习障碍的儿童和成人可以生活、学习和工作的社区与他人建立健康的社会关系。Karl König 于 1902 年 9 月 25 日出生于维也纳的 Leopoldstadt，并于 1966 年 3 月 27 日在德国 Brachenreuthe 的 Camphill 社区去世。Mathilde Maasberg 于 1902 年 3 月 9 日出生于西里西亚的 Gnadenfrei，并于 1983 年 9 月 17 日在南非 Fairways 的 Camphill 社区去世。本文主要关注 Karl 和 Tilla König 的生平，并强调了他们各自传记中的要点。虽然卡尔·柯尼希博士的名字通常与坎普希尔运动有关，但这里有一个案例表明他的妻子显着塑造了坎普希尔生活方式的基本特征。她出生在摩拉维亚兄弟会的一个定居点，后来将摩拉维亚实践中强大、可辨别和持久的元素融入到坎希尔生活和工作的结构中。自 Karl 和 Tilla König 去世以来，Camphill 社区继续寻求创造社区生活的经济、社会和精神方面相互补充的环境。该论文确定了六个关键要素，它们被认为是 Camphillness 本质的核心：相互性、节奏性、灵性、安宁、生态敏感性和经济可持续性。本文以对 Camphill 社区在 21 世纪的相关性的反思作为结尾。