The immediate post-world war II era was a critical turning point in the history of learning disability in the United Kingdom and much of the global north. Most notably the gradual move away from institutional provision to a community-oriented approach. While many diverse threads contributed to this change, a key influence was the slow, and incomplete, recognition that institutional provision was not an acceptable option. From the mid 1950s onward a number of commissions and inquiries considered the question of institutions both generally and in response to specific incidents and scandals. This paper traces the history and influence of this early discourse in the third quarter of the 20th century and locates it within the long history of scandals and abuse.

中文翻译：

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大禁闭结束的开始：二战后不久的制度丑闻和调查

二战后不久的时代是英国和全球北部大部分地区学习障碍历史上的一个关键转折点。最值得注意的是逐渐从机构提供转向以社区为导向的方法。虽然许多不同的线索促成了这一变化，但一个关键的影响是缓慢且不完整地认识到机构提供不是一个可接受的选择。从 1950 年代中期开始，许多委员会和调查都考虑了一般性的机构问题以及针对特定事件和丑闻的反应。本文追溯了这一早期话语在 20 世纪第三季度的历史和影响，并将其置于丑闻和滥用的悠久历史中。