The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strains on both parents and teachers, both of whose mental and financial hardships have serious implications for young children's wellbeing. We drew on an existing cohort study of families with low incomes in Tulsa, OK when children were in their Spring of first grade in 2020. We surveyed parents and teachers – children's caregivers on both sides of the screen during distance learning – before and after the COVID-19 pandemic hit and schools were closed. We first compared the proportion of parents and teachers who were depressed and food-insecure before and after the pandemic struck. We then used pre-pandemic characteristics of parents and teachers in separate models to predict their depression and food insecurity during the pandemic. Results showed that rates of depression among both parents and teachers spiked after COVID-19, and food insecurity rates also increased among parents. For both parents and teachers, the strongest predictor of depression during COVID-19 was having experienced depression before the pandemic. Similarly, the strongest predictor of food insecurity during COVID-19 was having experienced food insecurity beforehand. These results point intervention efforts towards identifying the caregivers of children in low-income contexts whose mental and financial wellbeing are likely to be most compromised during this and perhaps future disasters.

COVID-19 大流行给家长和教师带来了前所未有的压力，他们的精神和经济困难都对幼儿的福祉产生严重影响。我们利用了一项针对俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨低收入家庭的现有队列研究，当时孩子们在 2020 年春季上一年级。我们调查了父母和老师——远程学习期间屏幕两边的孩子的看护人——前后。 COVID-19 大流行袭来，学校关闭。我们首先比较了大流行前后抑郁和食物不安全的家长和老师的比例。然后，我们在不同的模型中使用大流行前家长和老师的特征来预测他们在大流行期间的抑郁和食物不安全。结果显示，在 COVID-19 之后，父母和老师的抑郁率都上升了，父母的食品不安全率也有所增加。对于家长和老师来说，COVID-19 期间抑郁症的最强预测因素是在大流行之前经历过抑郁症。同样，COVID-19 期间粮食不安全的最强预测因素是事先经历过粮食不安全。这些结果将干预工作指向识别低收入环境中儿童的看护者，他们的心理和经济健康可能在这次或未来的灾难中受到最大损害。COVID-19 期间抑郁症的最强预测因素是在大流行之前经历过抑郁症。同样，COVID-19 期间粮食不安全的最强预测因素是事先经历过粮食不安全。这些结果将干预工作指向识别低收入环境中儿童的看护者，他们的心理和经济健康可能在这次或未来的灾难中受到最大损害。COVID-19 期间抑郁症的最强预测因素是在大流行之前经历过抑郁症。同样，COVID-19 期间粮食不安全的最强预测因素是事先经历过粮食不安全。这些结果将干预工作指向识别低收入环境中儿童的看护者，他们的心理和经济健康可能在这次或未来的灾难中受到最大损害。