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Territoriality modifies the effects of habitat complexity on animal behavior: a meta-analysis
Behavioral Ecology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-14 , DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac003
Kathleen D W Church 1 , Jean-Michel Matte 2 , James W A Grant 2
Affiliation  

Augmenting habitat complexity by adding structure has been used to increase the population density of some territorial species in the wild and to reduce aggression among captive animals. However, it is unknown if all territorial species are affected similarly by habitat complexity, and whether these effects extend to non-territorial species. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the behavior of a wide range of territorial and non-territorial taxa in complex and open habitats to determine the effects of habitat complexity on 1) territory size, 2) population density, 3) rate and time spent on aggression, 4) rate and time devoted to foraging, 5) rate and time spent being active, 6) shyness/boldness, 7) survival rate, and 8) exploratory behavior. Overall, all measures were significantly affected by habitat complexity, but the responses of territorial and non-territorial species differed. As predicted, territorial species were less aggressive, had smaller territories and higher densities in complex habitats, whereas non-territorial species were more aggressive and did not differ in population density. Territorial species were bolder but not more active in complex habitats, whereas non-territorial species were more active but not bolder. Although the survival of non-territorial species increased in complex habitats, no such increase was observed for territorial species. The increased safety from predators provided by complex habitats may have been balanced by the higher population densities and bolder behavior in territorial species. Our analysis suggests that territorial and non-territorial animals respond differently to habitat complexity, perhaps due to the strong reliance on visual cues by territorial animals.

中文翻译:

地域性改变栖息地复杂性对动物行为的影响:荟萃分析

通过增加结构来增加栖息地的复杂性已被用于增加野外某些领土物种的种群密度并减少圈养动物之间的攻击性。然而,尚不清楚是否所有领土物种都受到栖息地复杂性的类似影响,以及这些影响是否延伸到非领土物种。我们进行了荟萃分析,比较了复杂和开放栖息地中广泛的领土和非领土分类群的行为,以确定栖息地复杂性对 1) 领土大小、2) 人口密度、3) 速率和花费时间的影响在攻击性方面,4) 用于觅食的速率和时间,5) 活跃的速率和时间,6) 害羞/大胆,7) 存活率,以及 8) 探索行为。总体而言,所有措施都受到栖息地复杂性的显着影响,但领土和非领土物种的反应不同。正如预测的那样,领土物种的侵略性较小,在复杂的栖息地中领土较小且密度较高,而非领土物种则更具侵略性,并且在种群密度上没有差异。地域性物种在复杂的栖息地中更大胆但不是更活跃,而非地域性物种更活跃但不是更大胆。尽管在复杂生境中非地域性物种的存活率有所增加,但在地域性物种中没有观察到这种增加。复杂栖息地提供的捕食者安全性的提高可能已被更高的种群密度和领土物种更大胆的行为所平衡。我们的分析表明,领土和非领土动物对栖息地复杂性的反应不同,
更新日期:2022-01-14
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