Are there universal patterns in musical preferences? To address this question, we built on theory and research in personality, cultural, and music psychology to map the terrain of preferences for Western music using data from 356,649 people across six continents. In Study 1 (N = 284,935), participants in 53 countries completed a genre favorability measure, and in Study 2 (N = 71,714), participants in 36 countries completed an audio-based measure of preferential reactions to music. Both studies included self-report measures of the Big Five personality traits and demographics. Results converged to show that individual differences in preferences for Western music can be organized in terms of five latent factors that are invariant (i.e., universal) across countries and that generalize across assessment methods. Furthermore, the patterns of correlations between personality traits and musical preferences were largely consistent across countries and assessment methods. For example, trait Extraversion was correlated with stronger reactions to Contemporary musical styles (which feature rhythmic, upbeat, and electronic attributes), whereas trait Openness was correlated with stronger reactions to Sophisticated musical styles (which feature complex and cerebral attributes often heard in improvisational and instrumental music). The patterns of correlations between musical preferences and gender differences, ethnicity, and other sociodemographic metrics were also largely invariant across countries. Together, these findings strongly suggest that there are universal patterns in preferences for Western music, providing a foundation on which to develop and test hypotheses about the interactions between music, psychology, biology, and culture. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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音乐偏好的普遍性和变化：关于 53 个国家对西方音乐的偏好反应的研究。

音乐偏好是否存在普遍规律？为了解决这个问题，我们基于人格、文化和音乐心理学的理论和研究，使用来自六大洲的 356,649 人的数据来绘制西方音乐的偏好地形。在研究 1 (N = 284,935) 中，53 个国家的参与者完成了流派偏好测量，在研究 2 (N = 71,714) 中，36 个国家的参与者完成了基于音频的音乐偏好反应测量。这两项研究都包括对大五人格特征和人口统计数据的自我报告测量。结果表明，西方音乐偏好的个体差异可以根据五个潜在因素进行组织，这些潜在因素在国家之间是不变的（即普遍的），并且可以在评估方法中推广。此外，人格特质和音乐偏好之间的相关模式在不同国家和评估方法中基本一致。例如，特质外向性与对当代音乐风格（具有节奏、欢快和电子属性）的强烈反应相关，而特质开放性与对复杂音乐风格（具有复杂和大脑属性，经常在即兴和器乐）。音乐偏好与性别差异、种族和其他社会人口统计指标之间的相关模式在各国之间也基本不变。总之，这些发现强烈表明对西方音乐的偏好存在普遍的模式，为发展和检验关于音乐、心理学、生物学和文化之间相互作用的假设奠定了基础。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。