Mindfulness-based programs are a promising intervention modality for reducing disruptive behavior, and Soles of the Feet (SOF) is one program that teaches internal awareness of personal events (e.g., unpleasant emotions) and a self-regulation strategy to decrease disruptive behaviors. This study conducted a meta-analysis of single-case research design (SCRD) studies that implemented SOF to decrease disruptive behaviors. Existing SOF studies were evaluated using high-quality SCRD standards, resulting in 15 studies included in the analysis (49 participants; mean age 23.12 years (SD = 15.87); highly heterogeneous backgrounds). Studies were analyzed to calculate effect sizes using Tau-U, an innovative non-parametric statistical approach for estimating effect sizes in SCRD studies. The aggregated weighted Tau-U effect size of SOF across all studies was −0.87. Moderator analyses indicated SOF’s effectiveness was robust across participant characteristics and delivery formats. This meta-analysis suggests that SOF is a moderately effective evidence-based practice for reducing disruptive behavior.

基于正念的计划是一种很有前途的减少破坏性行为的干预方式，而脚底(SOF) 是一个教授个人事件（例如，不愉快情绪）的内部意识和减少破坏性行为的自我调节策略的计划。本研究对实施 SOF 以减少破坏性行为的单案例研究设计 (SCRD) 研究进行了荟萃分析。现有的 SOF 研究使用高质量的 SCRD 标准进行评估，分析中包括 15 项研究（49 名受试者；平均年龄 23.12 岁（SD = 15.87); 高度异质背景）。分析研究以使用 Tau-U 计算效应量，Tau-U 是一种创新的非参数统计方法，用于估计 SCRD 研究中的效应量。所有研究中 SOF 的总加权 Tau-U 效应大小为 -0.87。主持人分析表明 SOF 的有效性在参与者特征和交付格式方面都很稳健。该荟萃分析表明，SOF 是一种适度有效的减少破坏性行为的循证实践。