Daily interactions between parents and children play a large role in children’s emotional development and mental health. Thus, it is important to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying this association within the context of these dyadic social interactions. We suggest that examining cross-brain associations, coordinated brain responses, among parents and children increases our understanding of patterns of social and emotion-related processes that occur during parent–child interactions, which may influence the development of child emotion regulation and psychopathology. Therefore, we extend the Parent–Child Emotion Regulation Dynamics Model (Morris et al., in: Cole and Hollenstein (eds) Dynamics of emotion regulation: A matter of time, Taylor & Francis, 2018) to include cross-brain associations involved in dyadic emotion regulation during parent–child social emotional interactions and discuss how this model can inform future research and its broader applications.

父母和孩子之间的日常互动对孩子的情绪发展和心理健康起着重要作用。因此，在这些二元社会互动的背景下研究这种关联背后的神经机制非常重要。我们建议检查父母和孩子之间的跨脑关联、协调的大脑反应，可以增加我们对亲子互动过程中发生的社会和情绪相关过程模式的理解，这可能会影响儿童情绪调节和精神病理学的发展。因此，我们扩展了亲子情绪调节动力学模型（Morris 等人，在：Cole 和 Hollenstein (eds) 情绪调节动力学：时间问题，Taylor & Francis，