Over the last decade, the succession of financial crisis, neoliberal reform processes, and emergence of anti-establishment and far-right political forces has become a familiar pattern across Europe. But in few countries has it been as striking as in Italy. After the 2018 national elections, the anti-establishment Five-Star Movement (M5S) and the far-right League joined forces to form a government characterised by its rejection of past neoliberalising reforms and by its defiant stance towards European Union fiscal rules. The League’s victory in the latest European elections confirmed its ascendance and its centrality in the Italian political landscape. This article examines these developments in light of the recent trajectory of the Italian political economy and investigates whether the rise of these parties, and particularly the League, marked a break with the post-2011 neoliberalisation process. Analysis of the M5S-League government’s action indicates that these forces can further neoliberalisation processes together with a mix of anti-migration and welfare chauvinist measures. Moreover, an investigation of the political-economic project of the League shows that far-right parties can advance ‘nation-based’ neoliberalisation processes.

在过去十年中，金融危机接连发生、新自由主义改革进程以及反建制和极右政治力量的出现已成为整个欧洲熟悉的模式。但很少有国家像意大利那样引人注目。2018 年全国大选后，反建制五星运动 (M5S) 和极右翼联盟联手组建了一个政府，其特点是拒绝过去的新自由主义改革，以及对欧盟财政规则的挑衅立场。联盟在最近一次欧洲选举中的胜利证实了其在意大利政治格局中的优势和中心地位。本文根据意大利政治经济的近期轨迹审视这些发展，并调查这些政党，特别是联盟的崛起是否，标志着与 2011 年后新自由化进程的中断。对 M5S 联盟政府行动的分析表明，这些力量可以进一步推动新自由化进程以及反移民和福利沙文主义措施的混合。此外，对联盟政治经济项目的调查表明，极右翼政党可以推进“以国家为基础的”新自由主义化进程。