ABSTRACT

Coffee is recognized worldwide as a top beverage owing to its several associated health benefits mediated by a complex mixture of unique bioactive substances. Chlorogenic acids are the key components of the phenolic fraction in green coffee seeds, accounting for up to 14% of the dry matter. The manufacturing of decaffeinated coffee demands efficient caffeine extraction from seeds and spent without solvent history effect for safety considerations. This has prompted researchers to investigate eco-friendly and cost-effective extraction technologies. Current extraction processes are not environmentally sustainable and have harmful consequences on humans. To date, developing a single standard method for effective extraction of certain complex compounds from coffee seeds remained a challenging procedure. The current review aims to give updated technical information regarding coffee plant green extraction methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and factors affecting efficacies for the recovery of bioactive compounds in coffee seeds and coffee spent. A comparative review of the uses of innovative green extraction techniques for coffee bioactive substances is introduced to present alternatives to conventional extraction methods. The most interesting finding was that the maximum total extractions of catechin (50.6 g/100 g) and caffeine (46.2 g/100 g) were achieved with enzymes in pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and PLE-assisted with enzymes exhibited an enhancement in total phenolics and overall antioxidant compared to 50% hydro-ethanolic solutions. In addition, it has been claimed that the ultrasonic extraction can cut extraction time by 37% and temperature by 13%. These green extraction techniques represent favorable approaches to the exploitation of coffee chemicals as bioactives to explore their wide-reaching applications at an industrial level and for their valorization.

摘要

咖啡被全世界公认为顶级饮料，因为它的多种健康益处由独特的生物活性物质的复杂混合物介导。绿原酸是咖啡生豆中酚类成分的主要成分，占干物质的 14%。出于安全考虑，脱咖啡因咖啡的生产需要从种子中高效提取咖啡因，并且没有溶剂历史影响。这促使研究人员研究环保且具有成本效益的提取技术。目前的提取过程在环境上是不可持续的，并且对人类有害。迄今为止，开发一种从咖啡种子中有效提取某些复杂化合物的单一标准方法仍然是一个具有挑战性的过程。本综述旨在提供有关咖啡植物绿色提取方法、其优缺点以及影响咖啡种子和咖啡废液中生物活性化合物回收效率的因素的最新技术信息。介绍了对咖啡生物活性物质的创新绿色提取技术的使用的比较审查，以提出传统提取方法的替代方法。最有趣的发现是儿茶素 (50.6 g/100 g) 和咖啡因 (46.2 g/100 g) 的最大总提取量是在加压液体提取 (PLE) 中用酶实现的，并且 PLE 辅助酶表现出增强总酚类物质和总抗氧化剂与 50% 氢乙醇溶液相比。此外，据称，超声波提取可以将提取时间缩短 37%，将温度降低 13%。这些绿色提取技术代表了将咖啡化学物质作为生物活性物质开发的有利方法，以探索其在工业层面的广泛应用及其价值。