Esthetic complications in implant dentistry have become a significant consideration for patients and practitioners. This review presents an appraisal on the current knowledge of the physiological peri-implant soft-tissue dimensions and factors that may compromise peri-implant tissue esthetics. Factors such as papilla fill adjacent to the implant and midfacial mucosal height are critical parameters that determine the esthetic success of implant-supported restorations. Papilla fill adjacent to a single dental implant appears to depend upon the clinical attachment level of the neighboring tooth. A horizontal inter-implant distance of at least 3 mm is necessary to ensure optimal interproximal mucosal embrasure between two adjacent implants in the anterior maxilla. In cases where implants cannot be placed at least 3 mm apart, a single implant with a cantilever bridge should be considered. Buccolingual implant positioning plays a major role in midfacial mucosal height. Soft-tissue volume grafting following immediate implant placement in the presence of a thin soft-tissue phenotype or simultaneous to surgical peri-implantitis therapy might help to overcome facial mucosa recession.

中文翻译：

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种植牙的美学并发症

种植牙的美学并发症已成为患者和从业者的重要考虑因素。本综述对目前对种植体周围软组织生理尺寸和可能影响种植体周围组织美观的因素的认识进行了评估。诸如与种植体相邻的乳头填充物和面中部黏膜高度等因素是决定种植体支持修复体美学成功的关键参数。与单个牙种植体相邻的乳头填充似乎取决于相邻牙齿的临床附着水平。至少 3 mm 的水平种植体间距是必要的，以确保上颌前部两个相邻种植体之间的最佳邻面黏膜贴合。如果种植体不能放置至少 3 毫米，应考虑使用带有悬臂桥的单个种植体。颊舌种植体定位在面中部黏膜高度中起主要作用。在存在薄软组织表型的情况下立即植入种植体后或与手术种植体周围炎治疗同时进行软组织体积移植可能有助于克服面部粘膜退缩。