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‘Treatment Accorded to Aliens Generally’: Article 7(1) of the 1951 Refugee Convention as a Basis for Visa-Free Access to States Parties’ Territory? An Examination of the Prohibition of Nationality Discrimination in the Refugee Convention
International Journal of Refugee Law Pub Date : 2022-01-12 , DOI: 10.1093/ijrl/eeac003
Maja Grundler 1
Affiliation  

Visa requirements, coupled with other extraterritorial border controls like carrier sanctions, prevent refugees from accessing the territory of States in the global North and the protection these States offer under the 1951 Refugee Convention. Visa requirements are imposed largely on the basis of an individual’s nationality, and distinctions made between different non-citizens in this context are considered to be legitimate in international law, based on States’ right to control their borders. In light of the 70th anniversary of the Refugee Convention, this article examines whether this instrument can respond to the externalization of border controls, specifically the imposition of visa requirements, and to the impact of these developments on refugees’ access to protection, by relying on the Convention’s non-discrimination clause. The article makes the case for an interpretation of the Refugee Convention that allows for access to States parties’ territory under article 7(1) – by approaching visa requirements as a ‘treatment accorded to aliens generally’ – combined with article 3 – the non-discrimination provision of the Convention, which prohibits discrimination among refugees on grounds of their nationality. It will be suggested that coupled with the declaratory nature of refugee status, these provisions may be read as precluding imposing visa requirements on refugees originating from country A, as long as refugees originating from country B can reach a State’s border visa-free. The article highlights the Refugee Convention’s continued relevance, showing that some of its core principles, such as the non-discrimination provision, offer solutions where States parties attempt to limit their protection obligations towards refugees.

中文翻译:

“外国人一般待遇”:1951 年《难民公约》第 7 条第 1 款作为免签证进入缔约国领土的依据?对《难民公约》中禁止国籍歧视的考察

签证要求,加上其他域外边境管制,如承运人制裁,阻止难民进入全球北方国家的领土以及这些国家根据 1951 年《难民公约》提供的保护。签证要求主要基于个人的国籍,在这种情况下,根据国家控制其边界的权利,对不同非公民进行区分在国际法中被认为是合法的。鉴于《难民公约》通过 70 周年,本文考察了该文书能否应对边境管制的外部化,特别是签证要求的实施,以及这些发展对难民获得保护的影响,依靠公约的非歧视条款。该条解释了《难民公约》第 7 条第 1 款允许进入缔约国领土的理由——通过将签证要求视为“给予外国人的普遍待遇”——结合第 3 条——非公约的歧视条款,该条款禁止基于国籍的难民之间的歧视。有人建议,再加上难民身份的声明性质,这些规定可被解读为排除对来自 A 国的难民的签证要求,只要来自 B 国的难民可以免签证到达一国边境。该条强调了《难民公约》的持续相关性,表明其一些核心原则,例如不歧视条款,
更新日期:2022-01-12
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