Increased human activity and dynamic climate variables have radically altered the global land use land cover (LULC) pattern and the ecosystem services (ES) they offer. However, assessing the impact of such LULC dynamics on ecological resources has rarely been attempted, especially in Bangladesh. Here, we assessed the dynamics of LULC change and associated ecosystem service values (ESVs) of coastal Bangladesh during 1999–2019 by analyzing historical Landsat LULC images and economic valuation techniques, respectively. Findings revealed a high prevalence of rural settlement-based Tree Outside Forest (TOF) land sprawl over agricultural land. Besides, LULC transition analysis revealed an increase in built-up, mangrove forest, water bodies, and saltpan/aquaculture areas and a decrease in agricultural and bare land areas. Overall, the ESV of coastal Bangladesh decreased by 0.47 billion US dollars, from US$ 25.18 billion in 1999 to US$ 24.71 billion in 2019. However, the values of different ES functions, such as food (−10.7%) and raw materials (−7.7%), were found most affected, while slight progress was evident in biodiversity protection (+2.2%), and water regulation (+1.1%) functions. Strong spatial dynamics of ESV changes were observed, with the largest decreases in the districts of Satkhira (−7.90%), Cox'sbazar (−5.75%), and Noakhali (−4.61%), and the highest increases in the districts of Lakshmipur (+4.65%) and Patuakhali (+3.18%). The findings regarding mangrove and TOF growth have important implications for building a buffer against ESV degradation due to the substantial decline in agricultural lands in other parts of the world with related socio-geographical and environmental problems.

人类活动的增加和动态气候变量从根本上改变了全球土地利用土地覆盖 (LULC) 模式及其提供的生态系统服务 (ES)。然而，很少有人尝试评估这种 LULC 动态对生态资源的影响，尤其是在孟加拉国。在这里，我们分别通过分析历史 Landsat LULC 图像和经济估值技术，评估了 1999-2019 年间孟加拉国沿海地区 LULC 变化和相关生态系统服务价值 (ESV) 的动态。调查结果显示，以农村定居点为基础的林外树木 (TOF) 土地蔓延到农业用地的情况非常普遍。此外，LULC 过渡分析显示，建成区、红树林、水体和盐田/水产养殖面积增加，农业和裸地面积减少。全面的，孟加拉国沿海的 ESV 减少了 4.7 亿美元，从 1999 年的 251.8 亿美元下降到 2019 年的 247.1 亿美元。然而，不同 ES 功能的价值，如食品（-10.7%）和原材料（-7.7 %)，受影响最大，而生物多样性保护 (+2.2%) 和水资源调节 (+1.1%) 功能略有进展。观察到 ESV 变化的强烈空间动态，其中 Satkhira (-7.90%)、Cox'sbazar (-5.75%) 和 Noakhali (-4.61%) 地区降幅最大，Lakshmipur 地区增幅最大(+4.65%) 和 Patuakhali (+3.18%)。