The current study examines the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies in entrepreneurial orientation’s relationship with financial, social, and environmental performance. This research also determines the role of social ties in strengthening the association between innovation and entrepreneurial competencies with social, financial, and environmental performance. Using multi-source and time-lagged studies, the data was collected from 297 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan, and structural equation modeling was used to test direct, indirect, and moderating hypotheses. The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competencies, and innovation positively correlate with all the types of performance under investigation and confirm the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies. Additionally, social network ties strengthen innovation—financial performance, and entrepreneurial competencies—social performance relationship. This research proposes significant theoretical and managerial implications by determining the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs in Pakistan.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦中小企业的创业导向、创业能力、创新和绩效：社会纽带的调节作用

目前的研究考察了创新和创业能力在创业导向与财务、社会和环境绩效之间的关系中的中介作用。这项研究还确定了社会联系在加强创新和创业能力与社会、财务和环境绩效之间的关联方面的作用。使用多源和时滞研究，从巴基斯坦的 297 家中小企业 (SME) 收集数据，并使用结构方程模型检验直接、间接和调节假设。研究结果表明，创业导向、创业能力、和创新与被调查的所有类型的绩效呈正相关，并证实了创新和创业能力的中介作用。此外，社交网络联系加强了创新——财务绩效和创业能力——社会绩效关系。本研究通过确定企业家导向对巴基斯坦中小企业的影响，提出了重要的理论和管理意义。