The matching paradigm can take a number of forms and has been used in many areas of psychology. When participants are asked to match or order sets of objects, researchers must correctly account for the number of matches expected purely by chance. Not accounting for the expected chance matches can lead to incorrectly drawing conclusions based on one's data. This study demonstrated that the z test can be an appropriate and easy test to use in the analysis of matching data from studies that require pairs of objects to be matched with each other. This article proves that in a matching paradigm the expected number of chance matches is 1.0 and the associated variance is also 1.0. The z test is shown to maintain the Type I error close to the nominal significance level when the null hypothesis is true and the sample size is at least 80 or 110. To attain power of .80, a sample size larger than 80 may be needed depending upon the effect size associated with the area of interest and the hypothesized alternative probability distribution.

中文翻译：

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用于分析匹配数据的简单建议。

匹配范式可以采取多种形式，并已用于心理学的许多领域。当参与者被要求匹配或排序对象集时，研究人员必须正确地考虑完全偶然预期的匹配数量。不考虑预期的机会匹配可能会导致错误地根据自己的数据得出结论。这项研究表明，z 检验可以是一种适当且易于使用的测试，可用于分析来自需要成对对象相互匹配的研究的匹配数据。本文证明，在匹配范式中，预期机会匹配数为 1.0，相关方差也为 1.0。z _当原假设为真且样本量至少为 80 或 110 时，检验显示保持 I 类误差接近标称显着性水平。要获得 0.80 的功效，可能需要大于 80 的样本量，具体取决于与感兴趣区域相关的效应大小和假设的替代概率分布。