Mazama temama is the smallest red deer in Central America. It was one of the first species described for the genus, and until the end of the last century many authors considered it as a subspecies of Mazama americana due to morphological similarities. Cytogenetic studies of animals in captivity have shown different karyotypes that led to its recognition as a unique species, and phylogenetic studies sustained the monophyly of the species, with some inconsistencies due to its wide geographical distribution. The objectives of the study were to characterize a topotype of Veracruz and three other specimens from a Campeche locality, to complement the description of M. temama and to propose a neotype for the species. We described this species morphologically (cranial measurements, skin color, and body biometry), and obtained karyorypes from wild animals with known origins for cytogenetic analyses (C band, G band, Ag-NOR, and Giemsa staining). We also performed phylogenetic analyses of Cytb, D-loop, COI, and ND5 mitochondrial genes. The morphometric results separated M. temama from M. americana but not from the other small Mazama species. The phylogenetic trees of mitochondrial genes Cytb, COI, and ND5 corroborated the monophyly of the species with 100% of posterior probability. The topotype’s karyotype is significantly different from the one previously described for the species, and the other specimens from Campeche have karyotype variants whose chromosomal rearrangements are possibly the beginning of a reproductive isolation mechanism. We discussed the possibility to have more than one species of red brocket deer in Mexico and Central America.

中文翻译：

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Mazama temama（偶蹄动物；鹿科）的综合分析和该物种新类型的指定

Mazama temama 是中美洲最小的马鹿。它是该属最早描述的物种之一，直到上个世纪末，由于形态相似，许多作者认为它是 Mazama americana 的一个亚种。圈养动物的细胞遗传学研究显示了不同的核型，导致其被认为是一个独特的物种，系统发育研究维持了该物种的单一性，由于其广泛的地理分布而存在一些不一致之处。该研究的目的是描述韦拉克鲁斯的一个拓扑型和来自坎佩切地区的其他三个标本，以补充对 M. temama 的描述并为该物种提出一个新类型。我们从形态学上描述了这个物种（颅骨测量、肤色和身体生物测量），并从已知来源的野生动物中获得核型，用于细胞遗传学分析（C 带、G 带、Ag-NOR 和 Giemsa 染色）。我们还对 Cytb、D-loop、COI 和 ND5 线粒体基因进行了系统发育分析。形态测量结果将 M. temama 与 M. americana 分开，但未与其他小型 Mazama 物种分开。线粒体基因 Cytb、COI 和 ND5 的系统发育树以 100% 的后验概率证实了该物种的单系性。拓扑型的核型与之前描述的物种显着不同，坎佩切州的其他标本具有核型变异，其染色体重排可能是生殖隔离机制的开始。我们讨论了在墨西哥和中美洲拥有一种以上红斑鹿的可能性。