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Risk perceptions and health behaviors as COVID-19 emerged in the United States: Results from a probability-based nationally representative sample.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied ( IF 2.813 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 , DOI: 10.1037/xap0000374
Dana Rose Garfin 1 , Baruch Fischhoff 2 , E Alison Holman 1 , Roxane Cohen Silver 3
Affiliation  

Understanding psychosocial correlates of engaging in health-protective behaviors during an infectious disease outbreak can inform targeted intervention strategies. We surveyed a national probability-based sample of 6,514 Americans, with three separate, consecutive representative cohorts between March 18, 2020 and April 18, 2020, as the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic began. Americans adopted many health-protective behaviors (e.g., hand hygiene, social distancing) early, performing them, on average, "most of the time," with frequency increasing over time. In covariate-adjusted models, self-reported female gender (β = .16, p < .001), older age (β = .13, p < .001), more COVID-related secondary stressors (β = .17, p < .001), and greater perceptions of the risks of catching (β = .07, p = .001) and dying (β = .09, p < .001) from Coronavirus were associated with greater frequency of social-distancing behaviors. Wearing face masks and/or gloves was positively associated with female gender (β = .07, p < .001), older age (β = .14, p < .001), Black (β = .14, p < .001) and Hispanic (β = .07, p = .002) ethnicity, personal-COVID-19 exposure (β = .06, p < .001), reporting secondary stressors (β = .11, p < .001), and higher perceived risk of dying from Coronavirus (β = .13, p < .001). Participants in Cohorts 2 and 3 (compared to Cohort 1) wore face masks and gloves and engaged in social distancing more frequently. Overall, early in the U.S. COVID-19 outbreak, despite the novelty and uncertainty, Americans were responsive to guidelines, adopting them early and following them frequently. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

美国出现 COVID-19 时的风险认知和健康行为:来自基于概率的全国代表性样本的结果。

了解在传染病爆发期间采取健康保护行为的心理社会关联可以为有针对性的干预策略提供信息。我们在 2020 年 3 月 18 日至 2020 年 4 月 18 日期间(美国 COVID-19 流行病开始时)调查了 6,514 名美国人的基于概率的全国样本,其中三个独立的、连续的代表性队列。美国人很早就采取了许多保护健康的行为(例如手部卫生、保持社交距离),平均而言,“大部分时间”都在执行这些行为,而且频率随着时间的推移而增加。在协变量调整模型中,自我报告的女性性别 (β = .16, p < .001),年龄较大 (β = .13, p < .001),更多与 COVID 相关的次要压力源 (β = .17, p < .001),以及对感染风险 (β = .07, p = .001) 和死亡风险 (β = .09, p < . 001)来自冠状病毒与更频繁的社会疏远行为有关。戴口罩和/或手套与女性性别 (β = .07, p < .001)、年龄较大 (β = .14, p < .001)、黑人 (β = .14, p < .001) 呈正相关) 和西班牙裔 (β = .07, p = .002) 种族,个人 COVID-19 暴露 (β = .06, p < .001),报告次要压力源 (β = .11, p < .001),以及死于冠状病毒的感知风险更高(β = .13,p < .001)。第 2 组和第 3 组(与第 1 组相比)的参与者戴着口罩和手套,并更频繁地保持社交距离。总体而言,在美国 COVID-19 爆发初期,尽管存在新颖性和不确定性,但美国人对指导方针做出了反应,尽早采用并经常遵循。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2021-12-01
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