Crude oils contain chloride impurities, including some organic components termed as ‘organic chloride'. Owing to the high dissociation energy of the C-Cl bond, organic chlorides are very difficult to remove during the desalting process unlike inorganic chloride salts. Failure to properly remove organic chlorides could have a significant adverse effect on petroleum refinery equipment in terms of corrosion during crude oil processing. Therefore, stringent specification of organic chlorides is being maintained throughout the refining process to avoid corrosion-related incidents. Generally, a guard bed column is used for the removal of organic chlorides in the downstream of the refining process. Guard bed columns are comprised of metal oxide-based components that operate at a very high temperature. In contrast, a phase transfer catalyst (PTC)-based process for organic chloride removal at the upstream of the refining process is established up to lab-scale and with model compounds only. This review is aimed to highlight the technical challenges associated with organic chloride contamination in refining processes and plausible methods and techniques available for smooth refining operations.

中文翻译：

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石油原油中的有机氯化物：炼油厂面临的挑战和缓解措施

原油含有氯化物杂质，包括一些被称为“有机氯化物”的有机成分。由于 C-Cl 键的高解离能，与无机氯化物盐不同，有机氯化物在脱盐过程中很难去除。未能正确去除有机氯化物可能会对石油精炼设备在原油加工过程中的腐蚀产生重大不利影响。因此，在整个精炼过程中保持严格的有机氯化物规格，以避免与腐蚀相关的事故。通常，保护床柱用于在精炼过程的下游去除有机氯化物。保护床柱由在非常高的温度下运行的基于金属氧化物的组件组成。相比之下，一种基于相转移催化剂 (PTC) 的工艺，用于在精炼过程的上游去除有机氯化物，已建立到实验室规模，并且仅使用模型化合物。本综述旨在强调精炼过程中与有机氯化物污染相关的技术挑战，以及可用于顺利精炼操作的合理方法和技术。