Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is widely used for bone tissue engineering technology. Immune regulations play important roles in the process of DO like other bone regeneration mechanisms. Compared with others, the immune regulation processes of DO have their distinct features. In this review, we summarized the immune-related events including changes in and effects of immune cells, immune-related cytokines, and signaling pathways at different periods in the process of DO. We aim to elucidated our understanding and unknowns about the immunomodulatory role of DO. The goal of this is to use the known knowledge to further modify existing methods of DO, and to develop novel DO strategies in our unknown areas through more detailed studies of the work we have done.

牵引成骨（DO）广泛用于骨组织工程技术。与其他骨再生机制一样，免疫调节在 DO 过程中发挥着重要作用。与其他人相比，DO的免疫调节过程有其鲜明的特点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了免疫相关事件，包括免疫细胞、免疫相关细胞因子和信号通路在 DO 过程中不同时期的变化和作用。我们旨在阐明我们对 DO 免疫调节作用的理解和未知。这样做的目的是利用已知知识进一步修改现有的 DO 方法，并通过对我们所做工作的更详细研究，在我们未知的领域开发新的 DO 策略。