ABSTRACT

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine whether neural sensitivity to negative peer evaluation conveys risk for depression among youth with a history of anxiety. We hypothesized that brain activation in regions that process affective salience in response to rejection, relative to acceptance, from virtual peers would predict depressive symptoms 1 year later and would be associated with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of peer connectedness.

Method

Participants were 38 adolescents ages 11–16 (50% female) with a history of anxiety, recruited from a previous clinical trial. The study was a prospective naturalistic follow-up of depressive symptoms assessed 2 years (Wave 2) and 3 years (Wave 3) following treatment. At Wave 2, participants completed the Chatroom Interact Task during neuroimaging and 16 days of EMA.

Results

Controlling for depressive and anxiety symptoms at Wave 2, subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC; β = .39, p = .010) activation to peer rejection (vs. acceptance) predicted depressive symptoms at Wave 3. SgACC activation to rejection (vs. acceptance) was highly negatively correlated with EMA reports of connectedness with peers in daily life (r = – .71, p < .001).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that elevated sgACC activation to negative, relative to positive, peer evaluation may serve as a risk factor for depressive symptoms among youth with a history of anxiety, perhaps by promoting vigilance or reactivity to social evaluative threats. SgACC activation to simulated peer evaluation appears to have implications for understanding how adolescents experience their daily social environments in ways that could contribute to depressive symptoms.

中文翻译：

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膝下前扣带皮层对拒绝的反应性与。接受程度可预测有焦虑史的青少年出现抑郁症状

摘要

客观的

本研究的目的是检查神经对负面同伴评价的敏感性是否会影响有焦虑史的青少年患抑郁症的风险。我们假设，大脑中处理情感显着性的区域因拒绝（相对于接受）来自虚拟同伴的反应而激活，可以预测一年后的抑郁症状，并且与同伴连通性的生态瞬时评估（EMA）报告相关。

方法

参与者是从之前的临床试验中招募的 38 名有焦虑史的 11-16 岁青少年（50% 女性）。该研究是对治疗后 2 年（第 2 波）和 3 年（第 3 波）抑郁症状进行的前瞻性自然随访。在第 2 波中，参与者在神经影像学和 16 天的 EMA 期间完成了聊天室互动任务。

结果

控制第 2 波的抑郁和焦虑症状，膝下前扣带回（sgACC；β  = .39，p = .010）激活同伴拒绝（与接受）预测第 3 波的抑郁症状。SgACC 激活拒绝（与接受） ）与日常生活中与同伴的联系的 EMA 报告高度负相关（r = – .71，p < .001）。

结论

研究结果表明，相对于积极的同伴评价，sgACC 激活程度升高可能是有焦虑史的青少年出现抑郁症状的一个危险因素，这可能是通过提高对社会评价威胁的警惕性或反应性来实现的。SgACC 激活模拟同伴评估似乎有助于理解青少年如何体验日常社交环境，从而导致抑郁症状。