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The nexus between corruption and money laundering: deconstructing the Toledo-Odebrecht network in Peru
Trends in Organized Crime ( IF 2.552 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s12117-021-09439-6
Costa Jacopo 1
Affiliation  

The paper targets the nexus between corruption and money laundering. Scholars and practitioners recently observed how offshore financial centers and financial infrastructures have become central in facilitating corruption and other criminal activities. Offshore vehicles often serve to conceal the connections between business people and politically exposed persons. Secrecy jurisdictions and service providers have emerged as key actors in these illicit schemes. The paper explores the following questions: How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption? Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact, and their division of labor? How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations? It applies a combination of social network analysis (SNA) and network ethnography to the corrupt connection between the former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and the Brazilian construction giant Odebrecht Group. The research analyzes publicly available data from the Lava Jato and Ecoteva investigations in Brazil and Peru. It deconstructs the illicit scheme's mechanisms step-by-step, uncovers the functions of different actors and clusters, and illuminates the social norms and informal governance practices that regulate the exchange. The research highlights how the financial infrastructures of the private and public spheres are integrated and analyzes the informal governance system designed to control the transnational corruption network. The study makes it possible to understand how the nexus between corruption and money laundering works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon.



中文翻译:

腐败与洗钱之间的关系:解构秘鲁的 Toledo-Odebrecht 网络

该论文针对腐败和洗钱之间的关系。学者和从业人员最近观察到离岸金融中心和金融基础设施如何成为促进腐败和其他犯罪活动的核心。海上车辆经常用来掩盖商人和政治人物之间的联系。保密司法管辖区和服务提供商已成为这些非法计划的主要参与者。本文探讨了以下问题:洗钱活动和离岸金融基础设施如何维持腐败?谁是涉及的关键参与者,他们如何互动,以及他们的分工?参与者和集群如何管理社会金融关系网络?它将社交网络分析 (SNA) 和网络人种学相结合,用于分析秘鲁前总统亚历杭德罗·托莱多与巴西建筑巨头奥德布雷希特集团之间的腐败联系。该研究分析了来自巴西和秘鲁的 Lava Jato 和 Ecoteva 调查的公开数据。它逐步解构非法计划的机制,揭示不同参与者和集群的功能,并阐明规范交易所的社会规范和非正式治理实践。该研究强调了如何整合私人和公共领域的金融基础设施,并分析了旨在控制跨国腐败网络的非正式治理体系。该研究使人们有可能了解腐败和洗钱之间的联系是如何运作的。它还支持对腐败作为一种集体、跨国和金融先进现象的新兴理解。

更新日期:2022-01-22
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