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Flood forecasting in urban reservoir using hybrid recurrent neural network
Urban Climate ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101086
Bo Cai 1 , Yaoxiang Yu 1
Affiliation  

Flood forecasting can provide accurate inferences and early warnings for flood control work during the flood season. Due to the variability of local rainfall and the complexity of geographic conditions, existing prediction methods were unable to accurately predict the flooding process in a particular basin. Additionally, the water level sensor generates a significant amount of noise in the inbound flow data during period measurement. To address these issues, this article proposes a real-time flood forecasting model, which is used to accurately predict flood trends and peak times in the flood period. The model uses a convolution kernel function to smooth out local noise and neighborhood values, minimizing the impact of non-stationary series on the training process while retaining the true evolution of the flood in the original data. In our model, we develop a time series attention mechanism that is used to apply various weights to time series input vectors, such as outflow flow and rainfall from upstream reservoirs, this mechanism also improves the accuracy of short-term series prediction. To obtain additional information about the output of the recurrent neural network layer, we also include a multivariate autoregressive integrated moving average module. This method can add a linear component to the output, allowing the prediction result to adapt to the input period's scale shift. This article develops matching models for interval and full basin floods based on the geographical characteristics of China's urban Reservoir and the river basin, thresholds are established based on the outflow from upstream reservoirs, which enables the flood forecasting system to dynamically adjust model parameters in response to the threshold, it also circumvents the scaling problem inherent in flood time series at various scales. We trained and predicted using 25 different types of floods in Ankang Reservoir from 2010 to 2020. Three on-site real-time forecasts of catastrophic flooding at the Ankang Reservoir were conducted in September 2021 to validate the model's accuracy. The algorithm's efficiency in forecasting flood inflows is demonstrated through comparisons to traditional hydrological models and other machine learning networks, and our model consistently forecasts the peak time and total flood volume with the least amount of error in the comparison algorithm.



中文翻译:

基于混合递归神经网络的城市水库洪水预报

洪水预报可以为汛期防汛工作提供准确的推论和预警。由于局部降雨的多变性和地理条件的复杂性,现有的预测方法无法准确预测特定流域的洪水过程。此外,水位传感器在周期测量期间会在流入流量数据中产生大量噪声。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种实时洪水预报模型,用于准确预测汛期洪水趋势和高峰时间。该模型使用卷积核函数来平滑局部噪声和邻域值,最大限度地减少非平稳序列对训练过程的影响,同时保留原始数据中洪水的真实演变。在我们的模型中,我们开发了一种时间序列注意机制,用于将各种权重应用于时间序列输入向量,例如上游水库的流出流量和降雨量,该机制还提高了短期序列预测的准确性。为了获得有关循环神经网络层输出的额外信息,我们还包括一个多元自回归集成移动平均模块。这种方法可以在输出中添加一个线性分量,使预测结果适应输入周期的尺度偏移。本文根据我国城市水库和流域的地理特征,建立了区间洪水和全流域洪水的匹配模型,根据上游水库的出流量确定阈值,这使得洪水预报系统能够根据阈值动态调整模型参数,同时也规避了洪水时间序列在不同尺度上固有的尺度问题。我们对安康水库 2010 年至 2020 年的 25 种不同类型的洪水进行了训练和预测。2021 年 9 月,对安康水库的特大洪水进行了 3 次现场实时预测,以验证模型的准确性。通过与传统水文模型和其他机器学习网络的比较,证明了该算法在预测洪水流入方面的效率,并且我们的模型在比较算法中以最小的误差一致地预测了高峰时间和总洪水量。它还规避了各种尺度的洪水时间序列中固有的缩放问题。我们对安康水库 2010 年至 2020 年的 25 种不同类型的洪水进行了训练和预测。2021 年 9 月,对安康水库的特大洪水进行了 3 次现场实时预测,以验证模型的准确性。通过与传统水文模型和其他机器学习网络的比较,证明了该算法在预测洪水流入方面的效率,并且我们的模型在比较算法中以最小的误差一致地预测了高峰时间和总洪水量。它还规避了各种尺度的洪水时间序列中固有的缩放问题。我们对安康水库 2010 年至 2020 年的 25 种不同类型的洪水进行了训练和预测。2021 年 9 月,对安康水库的特大洪水进行了 3 次现场实时预测,以验证模型的准确性。通过与传统水文模型和其他机器学习网络的比较,证明了该算法在预测洪水流入方面的效率,并且我们的模型在比较算法中以最小的误差一致地预测了高峰时间和总洪水量。2021 年 9 月对安康水库特大洪水进行了 3 次现场实时预报,以验证模型的准确性。通过与传统水文模型和其他机器学习网络的比较,证明了该算法在预测洪水流入方面的效率,并且我们的模型在比较算法中以最小的误差一致地预测了高峰时间和总洪水量。2021 年 9 月对安康水库特大洪水进行了 3 次现场实时预报,以验证模型的准确性。通过与传统水文模型和其他机器学习网络的比较,证明了该算法在预测洪水流入方面的效率,并且我们的模型在比较算法中以最小的误差一致地预测了高峰时间和总洪水量。

更新日期:2022-01-23
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