This article introduces visual appropriation as a method in critical international political thinking and acting, contributing to the evolving repertoire of multiple, pluralist methods for visual analysis of international relations operating in a digital visual environment. We define appropriation as reuse of existing visual material—either in its entirety or in part—without substantially altering the immanent characteristics of the appropriated material. As appropriators, scholars are producers of images who capitalize on and actively participate in digital visuality (seeing–changing–sharing). Appropriators are both image-analysts and image-actors but distinct from both, contributing not only to the visual analysis, but also to the visual construction of international relations. Approaching the international through appropriation grants researchers increased agency and responsibility vis-à-vis existing visual materials “out-there.” Rather than exploring a digital space of visual images produced and appropriated by others, researchers consciously and deliberately partake in the production and dissemination of images. As a result, we highlight how we—as scholars and as citizens—are facing research-ethical problematiques linked to ways of showing and seeing inevitably emanating from appropriation.

中文翻译：

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视觉挪用：国际视觉分析的自反定性方法

本文介绍了视觉挪用作为批判性国际政治思维和行为的一种方法，有助于在数字视觉环境中对国际关系进行视觉分析的多种、多元化方法不断发展。我们将挪用定义为对现有视觉材料的再利用——无论是全部还是部分——而不显着改变被挪用材料的内在特征。作为占有者，学者是图像的生产者，他们利用并积极参与数字视觉（看到-改变-分享）。占有者既是图像分析者又是图像行为者，但又不同于两者，不仅有助于视觉分析，也有助于国际关系的视觉建构。通过拨款与国际接轨，可以让研究人员增加对“外面”现有视觉材料的代理和责任。研究人员不是探索由他人生产和挪用的视觉图像的数字空间，而是有意识地、有意识地参与图像的生产和传播。因此，我们强调了我们——作为学者和公民——如何面临研究伦理问题，这些问题与展示和看待不可避免地源自挪用的方式有关。