The development of 3D bioprinting in recent years has provided new insights into the creation of in vitro microenvironments for promoting stem cell-based regeneration. Sweat glands (SGs) are mainly responsible for thermoregulation and are a highly differentiated organ with limited regenerative ability. Recent studies have focused on stem cell-based therapies as strategies for repairing SGs after deep dermal injury. In this review, we highlight the recent trend in 3D bioprinted native-like microenvironments and emphasize recent advances in functional SG regeneration using this technology. Furthermore, we discuss five possible regulatory mechanisms in terms of biochemical factors and structural and mechanical cues from 3D bioprinted microenvironments, as well as the most promising regulation from neighbor cells and the vascular microenvironment.

中文翻译：

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用于汗腺再生的 3D 生物打印微环境

近年来 3D 生物打印的发展为创建体外微环境以促进基于干细胞的再生提供了新的见解。汗腺 (SG) 主要负责体温调节，是一种高度分化的器官，再生能力有限。最近的研究集中在以干细胞为基础的疗法作为修复深部皮肤损伤后 SG 的策略。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 3D 生物打印类原生微环境的最新趋势，并强调了使用该技术在功能性 SG 再生方面的最新进展。此外，我们讨论了来自 3D 生物打印微环境的生化因素和结构和机械线索的五种可能的调节机制，以及来自邻近细胞和血管微环境的最有希望的调节。