Seaweeds are macroscopic forms of phylogenetically diverse assemblage of marine algae that grow in oceans, thriving among profoundly harsh environmental conditions. They are cultivated in many maritime nations primarily for edible applications; besides hydrocolloid extraction is the second largest domain of utility for this renewable biomass. The farming practices have been traditionally evolved in different Southeast Asian countries. Nevertheless, advancement in the knowledge about their life-history traits and control over reproduction has paved ways for commencement of large-scale commercial farming. Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations reported the availability of 35.8 million tons of seaweed biomass globally of which 97% accounted for farming. Although cultivation is on the rise due to relevant to social gains, epiphytic infestation, diseases and grazing have been identified as leading causes that result in substantially lower yield, deteriorated quality of product and skewed economics. Epiphytes may considerably impact the interaction of seaweed hosts with other beneficial communities also. Epidemiological studies in natural seaweed populations are scarce and this makes the understanding of the cross-talk involving host specificity, and their role obscure. An overview of the diversity of epiphytes, understanding of mechanism of action, factors responsible, chemistry behind their interaction will help in deciphering the solutions to overcome infestation. A comprehensive report of seaweed epiphytism, diseases and grazing from the aspects of host–epiphyte interaction and their resultant consequences is presented along with the studies on economic impacts. The role of multi-omics approaches in delineating seaweed epiphytic interactions is also included.

中文翻译：

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海藻养殖中的附生植物、疾病和放牧：综合综述

海藻是在海洋中生长的海洋藻类系统发育多样化组合的宏观形式，在极其恶劣的环境条件下茁壮成长。它们在许多海洋国家种植，主要用于食用；除了水胶体提取是这种可再生生物质的第二大实用领域。农业实践传统上在不同的东南亚国家发展。然而，对它们的生活史特征和对繁殖的控制的知识的进步为大规模商业农业的开始铺平了道路。联合国粮食及农业组织报告称，全球有 3580 万吨海藻生物量，其中 97% 用于农业。虽然由于与社会收益有关，种植正在上升，附生侵染、疾病和放牧已被确定为导致产量大幅下降、产品质量下降和经济不景气的主要原因。附生植物也可能​​极大地影响海藻宿主与其他有益群落的相互作用。天然海藻种群的流行病学研究很少，这使得对涉及宿主特异性的串扰及其作用的理解变得模糊。对附生植物多样性的概述、对作用机制的理解、负责任的因素、相互作用背后的化学将有助于破译克服侵扰的解决方案。从寄主-附生植物相互作用及其产生的后果的角度对海藻附生、疾病和放牧进行了综合报告，同时对经济影响进行了研究。