Affective styles are assumed to play an important role in maintaining negative affect, including anxiety and depression. However, little is known about the longitudinal relationship between affective styles and symptoms. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the influence of affective styles, assessed using the Affective Style Questionnaire, on anxiety and depression among clinical populations in Japan. Using an online survey, 1521 participants (406 with major depressive disorder; 479 with one or more anxiety disorders; and 636 with both) answered the Affective Style Questionnaire and measures of emotion regulation, anxiety and depression symptoms. Data were collected twice over 2 months. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the same four-factor structure found in a previous sample of Japanese university students. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the affective styles had a slightly greater effect on anxiety symptoms but not on depression compared to other common emotion regulation strategies, such as suppression and reappraisal measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Limitations of this study were that it used online surveys, in which, participants' diagnostic statuses were based on unverifiable self-reports. In conclusion, the association of affective styles with anxiety and depression among the clinical populations was prospectively confirmed. Further study is needed to examine the association considering the combination or profiles of affective styles among different emotional disorders.

中文翻译：

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日本临床样本中的情感风格及其与焦虑和抑郁的关系

情感风格被认为在维持消极情感（包括焦虑和抑郁）方面发挥着重要作用。然而，关于情感风格和症状之间的纵向关系知之甚少。因此，我们进行了一项纵向研究，以检查使用情感风格问卷评估的情感风格对日本临床人群的焦虑和抑郁的影响。使用在线调查，1521 名参与者（406 名患有重度抑郁症；479 名患有一种或多种焦虑症；636 名同时患有两种疾病）回答了情感风格问卷和情绪调节、焦虑和抑郁症状的测量。在 2 个月内收集了两次数据。验证性因素分析复制了在之前的日本大学生样本中发现的相同的四因素结构。分层回归分析表明，与其他常见的情绪调节策略（例如通过情绪调节问卷（ERQ）测量的抑制和重新评估）相比，情感风格对焦虑症状的影响略大，但对抑郁的影响不大。这项研究的局限性在于它使用了在线调查，其中参与者的诊断状态基于无法验证的自我报告。总之，前瞻性证实了临床人群中情感风格与焦虑和抑郁的关联。考虑到不同情绪障碍之间情感风格的组合或特征，需要进一步研究来检查这种关联。