Tetracycline (TC) is a refractory pollutant that widely exists in water environments. Therefore, effective TC treatment methods must be developed. In this work, a cobalt and iron coloaded pomelo peel biochar composite (Co-Fe@PPBC) was successfully synthesized and used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for TC removal. The crystal structure, surface morphology, pore structure, and elemental valence of the synthesized Co-Fe@PPBC catalyst were investigated by BET, SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TGA, Raman, and VSM. The effects of Co-Fe@PPBC dosage, PMS concentration, initial pH, initial TC concentration, and coexisting anions on TC removal were studied. In comparison with the oxidation (13.6%) by PMS alone and adsorption (9.6%) by Co-Fe@PPBC alone, the removal efficiency of TC was increased to 86.2% in the Co-Fe@PPBC/PMS system, indicating that Co-Fe@PPBC can successfully activate PMS. Remarkably, the results of scavenging examination and EPR analysis demonstrated the synergistic effect of free radical and non-free radical pathways in TC degradation. The cycling test showed that Co-Fe@PPBC has favourable stability and recyclability during repeated activation processes of PMS. Finally, three possible TC degradation methods were presented through the analysis of eight intermediates. Overall, Co-Fe@PPBC could be an economic and high-efficiency catalyst for PMS activation to remove organic pollutants in wastewater.

四环素（TC）是一种难降解污染物，广泛存在于水环境中。因此，必须开发有效的TC治疗方法。在这项工作中，成功合成了钴铁共载柚皮生物炭复合材料（Co-Fe@PPBC），并用于活化过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）以去除 TC。采用 BET、SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS、TGA、Raman 和 VSM 对合成的 Co-Fe@PPBC 催化剂的晶体结构、表面形貌、孔结构和元素化合价进行了研究。研究了Co-Fe@PPBC用量、PMS浓度、初始pH、初始TC浓度和共存阴离子对TC去除的影响。与单独 PMS 的氧化 (13.6%) 和单独 Co-Fe@PPBC 的吸附 (9.6%) 相比, Co-Fe@PPBC/PMS 系统中 TC 的去除效率提高到 86.2%, 说明 Co-Fe@PPBC 可以成功激活 PMS。值得注意的是，清除检查和 EPR 分析的结果证明了自由基和非自由基途径在 TC 降解中的协同作用。循环测试表明，Co-Fe@PPBC在PMS的重复活化过程中具有良好的稳定性和可回收性。最后，通过对八种中间体的分析，提出了三种可能的TC降解方法。总体而言，Co-Fe@PPBC 是一种经济高效的 PMS 活化催化剂，可去除废水中的有机污染物。循环测试表明，Co-Fe@PPBC在PMS的重复活化过程中具有良好的稳定性和可回收性。最后，通过对八种中间体的分析，提出了三种可能的TC降解方法。总体而言，Co-Fe@PPBC 是一种经济高效的 PMS 活化催化剂，可去除废水中的有机污染物。循环测试表明，Co-Fe@PPBC在PMS的重复活化过程中具有良好的稳定性和可回收性。最后，通过对八种中间体的分析，提出了三种可能的TC降解方法。总体而言，Co-Fe@PPBC 是一种经济高效的 PMS 活化催化剂，可去除废水中的有机污染物。