Cut flower longevity is often limited by adverse water relations or oxidative stress. The potential of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) on prolonging vase life was addressed. Dose–response curves were obtained by applying five concentrations (0–80 mg L−1) of SWCNTs or MWCNTs either once as a foliar spray or continuously in the holding solution of three carnation cultivars. Next, the optimal concentration of either SWCNTs or MWCNTs was employed to evaluate several parameters critical for vase life. Foliar spray application exerted minor effects on water relations, flower opening and keeping quality. By contrast, including CNTs in the holding solution sustained a positive water balance for a longer period, improved flower opening and prolonged vase life. These effects were similar between SWCNTs and MWCNTs, and were concentration-dependent. The optimal concentration for vase life was higher for MWCNTs as compared to SWCNTs, and for two cultivars as compared to the third one. At optimal concentration, SWCNTs or MWCNTs in the holding solution generally maintained turgidity, and alleviated chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. These effects were related to increased activation of enzymatic (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids) antioxidants. CNTs in the holding solution were very effective in stimulating vase life through improved water relations and enhanced antioxidant machinery stimulation.

中文翻译：

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保持溶液中的碳纳米管刺激花开并延长康乃馨的花瓶寿命

切花的寿命通常受到不利的水分关系或氧化应激的限制。讨论了单壁和多壁碳纳米管（分别为 SWCNT 和 MWCNT）在延长花瓶寿命方面的潜力。通过将五种浓度（0-80 mg L-1）的 SWCNT 或 MWCNT 一次作为叶面喷雾或在三个康乃馨栽培品种的保持溶液中连续施用，获得剂量反应曲线。接下来，采用 SWCNTs 或 MWCNTs 的最佳浓度来评估几个对花瓶寿命至关重要的参数。叶面喷施对水分关系、开花和保持质量的影响较小。相比之下，在保持溶液中加入碳纳米管可以在较长时间内保持正水平衡，从而改善花朵开放性并延长花瓶寿命。这些效果在 SWCNTs 和 MWCNTs 之间是相似的，并且是浓度依赖性的。与单壁碳纳米管相比，多壁碳纳米管的最佳瓶插寿命浓度更高，两种栽培品种与第三种相比。在最佳浓度下，保持溶液中的单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管通常保持膨胀，并减轻叶绿素降解、电解质泄漏和脂质过氧化。这些影响与酶（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）和非酶（类胡萝卜素、多酚和类黄酮）抗氧化剂的活化增加有关。通过改善水关系和增强抗氧化机制刺激，保持溶液中的 CNT 在刺激花瓶寿命方面非常有效。与第三个相比，两个品种。在最佳浓度下，保持溶液中的单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管通常保持膨胀，并减轻叶绿素降解、电解质泄漏和脂质过氧化。这些影响与酶（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）和非酶（类胡萝卜素、多酚和类黄酮）抗氧化剂的活化增加有关。通过改善水关系和增强抗氧化机制刺激，保持溶液中的 CNT 在刺激花瓶寿命方面非常有效。与第三个相比，两个品种。在最佳浓度下，保持溶液中的单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管通常保持膨胀，并减轻叶绿素降解、电解质泄漏和脂质过氧化。这些影响与酶（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）和非酶（类胡萝卜素、多酚和类黄酮）抗氧化剂的活化增加有关。通过改善水关系和增强抗氧化机制刺激，保持溶液中的 CNT 在刺激花瓶寿命方面非常有效。这些影响与酶（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）和非酶（类胡萝卜素、多酚和类黄酮）抗氧化剂的活化增加有关。通过改善水关系和增强抗氧化机制刺激，保持溶液中的 CNT 在刺激花瓶寿命方面非常有效。这些影响与酶（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）和非酶（类胡萝卜素、多酚和类黄酮）抗氧化剂的活化增加有关。通过改善水关系和增强抗氧化机制刺激，保持溶液中的 CNT 在刺激花瓶寿命方面非常有效。