Date palm regards as a valuable genomic resource for exploring the tolerance genes due to its ability to survive under the sever condition. Although a large number of differentiated genes were identified in date palm responding to salt stress, the genome-wide study of alternative splicing (AS) landscape under salt stress conditions remains unknown. In the current study, we identified the stress-related genes through transcriptomic analysis to characterize their function under salt. A total of 17,169 genes were differentially expressed under salt stress conditions. Gene expression analysis confirmed that the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway genes, such as PdSOS2;1, PdSOS2;2, PdSOS4, PdSOS5, and PdCIPK11 were involved in the regulation of salt response in date palm, which is consistent with the physiological analysis that high salinity affected the Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis and amino acid profile of date palm resulted in the inhibition of plant growth. Interestingly, the pathway of “spliceosome” was enriched in the category of upregulation, indicating their potential role of AS in date palm response to salt stress. Expectedly, many differentially alternative splicing (DAS) events were found under salt stress conditions, and some splicing factors, such as PdRS40, PdRSZ21, PdSR45a, and PdU2Af genes were abnormally spliced under salt, suggesting that AS-related proteins might participated in regulating the salt stress pathway. Moreover, the number of differentially DAS-specific genes was gradually decreased, while the number of differentially expressed gene (DEG)-specific genes was increased with prolonged salt stress treatment, suggesting that AS and gene expression could be distinctively regulated in response to salt stress. Therefore, our study highlighted the pivotal role of AS in the regulation of salt stress and provided novel insights for enhancing the resistance to salt in date palm.

椰枣因其在恶劣条件下的生存能力而被视为探索耐受基因的宝贵基因组资源。尽管在枣椰树中鉴定出了大量响应盐胁迫的分化基因，但盐胁迫条件下选择性剪接（AS）景观的全基因组研究仍然未知。在当前的研究中，我们通过转录组分析鉴定了与应激相关的基因，以表征它们在盐下的功能。盐胁迫条件下共有17,169个基因发生差异表达。基因表达分析证实盐过度敏感（SOS）途径基因，例如PdSOS2;1,PdSOS2;2,钯SOS4,钯SOS5， 和钯CIPK11参与了海枣盐响应的调节，这与高盐度影响海枣Na ⁺ / K ⁺稳态和氨基酸谱导致植物生长受到抑制的生理分析一致。有趣的是，“剪接体”途径在上调类别中丰富，表明 AS 在海枣应对盐胁迫中的潜在作用。不出所料，在盐胁迫条件下发现了许多差异选择性剪接（DAS）事件，以及一些剪接因子，例如钯RS40,钯RSZ21,钯SR45a， 和PdU2Af盐胁迫下基因发生异常剪接，表明AS相关蛋白可能参与调节盐胁迫途径。此外，随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长，差异DAS特异性基因的数量逐渐减少，而差异表达基因（DEG）特异性基因的数量增加，这表明AS和基因表达可以在盐胁迫响应中受到独特的调节。 。因此，我们的研究强调了AS在盐胁迫调节中的关键作用，并为增强枣椰树的抗盐性提供了新的见解。