Bacterial endotoxin invasion reduces intestinal barrier functions, such as intestinal bacterial translocation and enteric infection. In this study, we investigated whether sodium butyrate (NaB) alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by reducing intestinal damage and regulating the microflora. Rats were divided into four groups for the intraperitoneal injection of LPSs and intragastric gavage with NaB: Con, LPS, LPS + NaB, and NaB. The results showed that NaB alleviated intestinal villus injury and inflammatory infiltration caused by LPS. NaB supplementation decreased the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the trend was most pronounced in the jejunum. The morphology of the intestinal nucleus and mitochondria was further observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that NaB supplementation alleviated LPS-induced nuclear atrophy, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and rupture. Moreover, NaB improved the LPS-induced inflammatory response by regulating the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the LPS increased the abundance of the harmful bacterium Bacteroides, while the abundance of beneficial bacteria decreased. In the LPS + NaB group, the intestinal microbiota destroyed by the LPS was rebalanced, including a decrease in Bacteroides and an increase in Bifidobacterium and Odoribacter. In conclusion, NaB alleviates LPS-induced enteritis by regulating inflammatory cytokines, maintaining the mucosal barrier, and restoring the microbiota changes.

中文翻译：

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丁酸钠减轻脂多糖诱导的大鼠肠道损伤和微生物菌群紊乱

细菌内毒素侵入会降低肠道屏障功能，例如肠道细菌易位和肠道感染。在这项研究中，我们研究了丁酸钠 (NaB) 是否通过减少肠道损伤和调节微生物区系来减轻脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导的炎症。大鼠分为四组腹腔注射LPSs和NaB灌胃：Con、LPS、LPS+NaB和NaB。结果表明，NaB 可减轻 LPS 引起的肠绒毛损伤和炎症浸润。NaB 补充剂降低了 toll 样受体 (TLR)-4、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6) 的 mRNA 水平，并且这种趋势在空肠中最为明显。通过透射电镜进一步观察肠核和线粒体的形态。结果表明，补充 NaB 可减轻 LPS 诱导的核萎缩、细胞凋亡、线粒体损伤和破裂。此外，NaB 通过调节肠道屏障改善了 LPS 诱导的炎症反应。此外，16S rRNA 测序显示 LPS 增加了有害细菌的丰度类杆菌，而有益细菌的丰度下降。在 LPS + NaB 组中，被 LPS 破坏的肠道微生物群重新平衡，包括拟杆菌的减少和双歧杆菌和臭杆菌的增加。总之，NaB 通过调节炎性细胞因子、维持粘膜屏障和恢复微生物群变化来缓解 LPS 诱导的肠炎。