Objectives The mechanisms of hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) in professional Rugby Union are not well understood. The aim of this study was to describe the mechanisms of HSIs in male professional Rugby Union players using video analysis. Methods All time-loss acute HSIs identified via retrospective analysis of the Leinster Rugby injury surveillance database across the 2015/2016 to 2017/2018 seasons were considered as potentially eligible for inclusion. Three chartered physiotherapists (analysts) independently assessed all videos with a consensus meeting convened to describe the injury mechanisms. The determination of the injury mechanisms was based on an inductive process informed by a critical review of HSI mechanism literature (including kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity). One of the analysts also developed a qualitative description of each injury mechanism. Results Seventeen acute HSIs were included in this study. Twelve per cent of the injuries were sustained during training with the remainder sustained during match-play. One HSI occurred due to direct contact to the injured muscle. The remainder were classified as indirect contact (ie, contact to another body region) or non-contact. These HSIs were sustained during five distinct actions—‘running’ (47%), ‘decelerating’ (18%), ‘kicking’ (6%), during a ‘tackle’ (6%) and ‘rucking’ (18%). The most common biomechanical presentation of the injured limb was characterised by trunk flexion with concomitant active knee extension (76%). Fifty per cent of cases also involved ipsilateral trunk rotation. Conclusion HSIs in this study of Rugby Union were sustained during a number of playing situations and not just during sprinting. We identified a number of injury mechanisms including: ‘running’, ‘decelerating’, ‘kicking’, ‘tackle’, ‘rucking’ and ‘direct trauma’. Hamstring muscle lengthening, characterised by trunk flexion and relative knee extension, appears to be a fundamental characteristic of the mechanisms of acute HSIs in Rugby Union. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

中文翻译：

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不仅仅是短跑：职业男子橄榄球联盟中急性腘绳肌拉伤的机制——系统的视觉视频分析

目的 职业橄榄球联盟中腘绳肌劳损 (HSI) 的机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是使用视频分析描述男性职业橄榄球联盟球员 HSI 的机制。方法 通过对 2015/2016 至 2017/2018 赛季的伦斯特橄榄球损伤监测数据库的回顾性分析确定的所有时间损失急性 HSI 都被认为可能符合纳入条件。三名特许物理治疗师（分析师）独立评估所有视频，并召开共识会议来描述损伤机制。损伤机制的确定是基于通过对 HSI 机制文献（包括运动学、动力学和肌肉活动）的批判性审查得出的归纳过程。其中一位分析师还对每种损伤机制进行了定性描述。结果 17 例急性 HSI 被纳入本研究。12% 的伤病是在训练期间遭受的，其余的则是在比洞赛期间遭受的。由于直接接触受伤的肌肉而发生了一次 HSI。其余被分类为间接接触（即与另一个身体区域接触）或非接触。这些 HSI 在五种不同的动作中持续存在——“跑步”(47%)、“减速”(18%)、“踢”(6%)、“抢断”(6%) 和“摇晃”(18%) . 受伤肢体最​​常见的生物力学表现的特点是躯干屈曲并伴有主动膝关节伸展（76%）。50% 的病例还涉及同侧躯干旋转。结论 在这项关于橄榄球联盟的研究中，HSI 在许多比赛情况下都持续存在，而不仅仅是在短跑期间。我们确定了许多伤害机制，包括：“跑步”、“减速”、“踢”、“铲球”、“摇晃”和“直接创伤”。以躯干屈曲和相对膝关节伸展为特征的腘绳肌延长似乎是橄榄球联盟中急性 HSI 机制的基本特征。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。似乎是橄榄球联盟中急性 HSI 机制的一个基本特征。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。似乎是橄榄球联盟中急性 HSI 机制的一个基本特征。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。