Climate change affects the evolutionary potential and the survival of wild plant populations by acting on fitness traits. Resurrection approach was applied to investigate the phenotypic changes during the evolution of the wild progenitor of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch.) Thell. in Jordan. We compared 40 Hordeum spontaneum populations collected in Jordan in 1991 with 40 Hordeum spontaneum populations collected from the same sites in 2014. In the comparison we included seven Hordeum vulgare checks (one local landrace and six improved varieties). The correlation analysis between the phenotypic and eco-geographical data based on Principal Component Analysis and Mantel test showed that the populations were aggregated according to their ecological geographical pattern in two groups with a significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between groups. Four heritable traits, namely plant height, biological yield, number of tillers, and awn length, determined the phenotypic structure of the populations. The two populations collected at 23 years distance, diverged in two distinctive phenotypic structure categories; a conserved structure and an evolved structure with a reduction in the phenotypic trait diversity in the population collected in 2014. These results reveal the value of combining phenotypic and environmental data to understand the evolution and adaptation of the population to climate change over a long period and the consequences on the wild progenitor of cultivated barley collection to avoid loss of genetic materials.

气候变化通过影响适应性特征来影响野生植物种群的进化潜力和生存。应用复活法研究了栽培大麦野生祖先Hordeum vulgare L. subsp.进化过程中的表型变化。s pontaneum (K. Koch.) Thell。在约旦。我们将1991 年在约旦收集的 40 个自发大麦种群与 2014 年从同一地点收集的 40 个自发大麦种群进行了比较。在比较中，我们包括了 7 个大麦检查（一种地方品种和六种改良品种）。基于主成分分析和Mantel检验的表型与生态地理数据的相关性分析表明，种群按生态地理格局聚集在两组中，具有显着性（p < 0.0001) 组之间的相关性。四个可遗传性状，即株高、生物产量、分蘖数和芒长，决定了种群的表型结构。以 23 年的距离收集的两个种群，在两个独特的表型结构类别中有所不同；2014 年收集的种群中表型性状多样性减少的保守结构和进化结构。这些结果揭示了结合表型和环境数据以了解种群在长期内对气候变化的进化和适应的价值，以及收集栽培大麦的野生祖先的后果，以避免遗传物质的损失。