Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of overall cancer deaths worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Due to the heterogeneity of HCC pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development are not fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a vital role throughout hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, a deeper understanding of how RBPs contribute to HCC progression will provide new tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of this devastating disease. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles of RBPs and their roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBPs in HCC, including their limitations, are also discussed.

肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一，治疗选择有限。由于HCC发病机制的异质性，HCC发展的分子机制尚不完全清楚。新出现的证据表明，RNA 结合蛋白 (RBP) 在整个肝癌发生过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，更深入地了解 RBP 如何促进 HCC 进展将为这种破坏性疾病的早期诊断和预后提供新工具。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 RBP 的肿瘤抑制和致癌作用及其在肝癌发生中的作用。还讨论了 RBP 在 HCC 中的诊断和治疗潜力，包括它们的局限性。