ABSTRACT

Examined from Bio-Ecological System Theory’s PPCT model perspective, this study systematically reviewed how youth sport dropout literature has been theoretically framed; how dropout has been defined and measured; and, mapped all influential factors previously associated (or not) with dropout across and within youth sport. Peer-reviewed literature (N = 69 studies) published over four decades (1980–2021) residing within five databases was synthesised using a mixed-methods review approach. Existing identified studies examined single or multi-sport (male and female) youth sport contexts worldwide, at different participation levels, although predominantly local club-level. Prior studies predominantly adopted psychological-based theoretical frameworks; often didn’t define dropout; assessed dropout descriptively; and, focused upon the influence of psychological-based factors. From a PPCT perspective, competition structure, relative age (Process), sex, competence perception (Personal), parental socio-demographics, and conflicts with other activities (Context) were frequently identified as influential to dropout across contexts. Although not explicitly utilising the PPCT, sixteen studies examined factors across PPCT levels, with one identifying significant independent influences across the model. Future research is recommended to apply more encompassing (social-ecological) theoretical frameworks; specify dropout definitions and measures; and apply more advanced analytical methods. To help improve study methodological quality, the ‘Youth Sport Dropout - Study Checklist (YSD-SC)’ is presented.

摘要

本研究从生物生态系统理论的PPCT模型视角，系统地回顾了青少年体育辍学文献的理论框架；辍学是如何定义和衡量的；并且，绘制了以前与青年运动之间和内部的辍学相关（或不相关）的所有影响因素。同行评议文献（N = 69 项研究）在四个十年（1980-2021 年）发表的五个数据库中使用混合方法审查方法进行综合。现有确定的研究检查了全球不同参与水平的单项或多项运动（男性和女性）青年运动环境，尽管主要是地方俱乐部级别。先前的研究主要采用基于心理学的理论框架；经常没有定义辍学；描述性地评估辍学；并且，关注基于心理因素的影响。从 PPCT 的角度来看，竞争结构、相对年龄（过程）、性别、能力感知（个人）、父母社会人口统计数据以及与其他活动的冲突（上下文) 经常被认为对跨环境的辍学有影响。尽管没有明确使用 PPCT，但 16 项研究检查了 PPCT 水平的因素，其中一项确定了整个模型的显着独立影响。建议未来的研究应用更广泛的（社会-生态）理论框架；指定辍学定义和措施；并应用更先进的分析方法。为了帮助提高研究方法的质量，提供了“青少年体育辍学 - 学习清单 (YSD-SC)”。