Background Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infectious diseases globally. Community surveillance may provide a more comprehensive picture of disease burden than medically attended illness alone. Methods In this longitudinal study conducted from 2012 to 2017 in the Washington Heights/Inwood area of New York City, we enrolled 405 households with 1915 individuals. Households were sent research text messages twice weekly inquiring about ARI symptoms. Research staff confirmed symptoms by follow-up call. If ≥2 criteria for ARI were met (fever/feverish, cough, congestion, pharyngitis, myalgias), staff obtained a mid-turbinate nasal swab in participants’ homes. Swabs were tested using the FilmArray reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respiratory panel. Results Among participants, 43.9% were children, and 12.8% had a chronic respiratory condition. During the 5 years, 114 724 text messages were sent; the average response rate was 78.8% ± 6.8%. Swabs were collected for 91.4% (2756/3016) of confirmed ARI; 58.7% had a pathogen detected. Rhino/enteroviruses (51.9%), human coronaviruses (13.9%), and influenza (13.2%) were most commonly detected. The overall incidence was 0.62 ARI/person-year, highest (1.73) in <2 year-olds and lowest (0.46) in 18–49 year-olds. Approximately one-fourth of those with ARI sought healthcare; percents differed by pathogen, demographic factors, and presence of a chronic respiratory condition. Conclusions Text messaging is a novel method for community-based surveillance that could be used both seasonally as well as during outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. The importance of community surveillance to accurately estimate disease burden is underscored by the findings of low rates of care-seeking that varied by demographic factors and pathogens.

中文翻译：

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使用短信进行急性呼吸道感染的五年期社区监测研究：来自 MoSAIC 研究的结果

背景 急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 是全球最常见的传染病。与仅就医治疗疾病相比，社区监测可以更全面地了解疾病负担。方法 在 2012 年至 2017 年在纽约市华盛顿高地/因伍德地区进行的这项纵向研究中，我们招募了 405 户家庭和 1915 人。每周两次向家庭发送研究短信，询问 ARI 症状。研究人员通过后续电话确认了症状。如果满足 ≥ 2 个 ARI 标准（发烧/发烧、咳嗽、充血、咽炎、肌痛），工作人员会在参与者家中获得中鼻甲鼻拭子。使用 FilmArray 逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 呼吸面板测试拭子。结果参与者中，儿童占 43.9%，儿童占 12 人。8% 患有慢性呼吸系统疾病。在这 5 年中，发送了 114 724 条短信；平均回复率为 78.8% ± 6.8%。采集了 91.4% (2756/3016) 确诊 ARI 的拭子；58.7% 的人检测到病原体。鼻病毒/肠道病毒 (51.9%)、人类冠状病毒 (13.9%) 和流感 (13.2%) 是最常检测到的。总发病率为 0.62 ARI/人年，最高 (1.73) 在 2 岁以下，最低 (0.46) 在 18-49 岁。大约四分之一的 ARI 患者寻求医疗保健；百分比因病原体、人口因素和慢性呼吸道疾病的存在而异。结论 短信是一种新的基于社区的监测方法，可以在季节性以及爆发、流行病和大流行期间使用。