Application of water treatment residuals (WTR) and biosolids (BS) might ameliorate fragile soils. However, studies integrating impacts of waste preparation methods such as liming and grinding associated with co-application approaches for soil conditioning are lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of agricultural use of WTR as well as their co-application with BS to ameliorate a sandy soil through assessing impacts on selected soil quality indicators and on nutrient and potentially toxic element concentration in plant tissue in addition to the biomass yield of annual crops. The following treatments were evaluated: non-amended soil (control); drying plus grinding and liming WTR; WTR co-application with BS at 3:1 ratio; and a soil amendment commercially available in Brazil. All treatments were soil incorporated in the 0.0–0.2 m layer at 30 Mg ha⁻¹ dose (dry mass). Selected soil physical, hydraulic, and chemical parameters were determined. Furthermore, nutrients and potentially toxic elements concentration in plant tissue as well as the agronomic performance of maize and ryegrass were measured. The co-application of WTR and BS increased the soil content of P, Zn, and Cu in the 0.0–0.1 m layer. The concentration of these nutrients also was greater in ryegrass tissue and promoted the biomass yield in 51%. WTR did not increase contaminants and did not decrease the P content in soil and in plant tissue, independently of drying plus grinding and liming. Considering the conditions investigated in our study, WTR/BS co-application was environmentally safe and effective in ameliorating soil quality.

中文翻译：

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石灰和水处理残留物与生物固体的共同应用以调理沙质土壤

水处理残留物 (WTR) 和生物固体 (BS) 的应用可能会改善脆弱的土壤。然而，缺乏整合废物处理方法影响的研究，例如石灰和研磨与土壤调节的共同应用方法相关。本研究旨在通过评估对选定的土壤质量指标和植物组织中养分和潜在有毒元素浓度的影响，评估 WTR 的农业用途及其与 BS 共同改善沙质土壤的可行性。一年生作物的生物量产量。评估了以下处理：未改良土壤（对照）；干燥加研磨和石灰 WTR；WTR 与 BS 以 3:1 的比例共同申请；以及在巴西市售的土壤改良剂。所有处理均采用 0.0-0 的土壤。^-1剂量（干重）。确定了选定的土壤物理、水力和化学参数。此外，还测量了植物组织中的营养物质和潜在有毒元素浓度以及玉米和黑麦草的农艺性能。WTR和BS的共同施用增加了0.0-0.1 m层土壤中P、Zn和Cu的含量。这些营养物质在黑麦草组织中的浓度也更高，并提高了 51% 的生物量产量。WTR 不会增加污染物，也不会降低土壤和植物组织中的 P 含量，与干燥、研磨和石灰无关。考虑到我们研究中调查的条件，WTR/BS 联合施用在改善土壤质量方面对环境安全且有效。