Water pollution has become a major environmental concern for mankind. Although tea residue is usually discarded as waste, it can be used as a biological resource for the preparation of porous carbon for wastewater treatment. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from tea residue using ZnCl₂, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, NaOH, and KOH. The effects of the preparation conditions were investigated, and the optimal conditions were determined by the iodine number of the ACs. ZnCl₂-derived AC has the highest iodine number of 1519.0 mg/g compared with other activator-derived ACs. The results of an orthogonal test confirmed that the concentration of ZnCl₂ is the most important factor for the preparation of ACs. The optimized AC possesses a well-developed microporous structure with a high specific surface area of 1029 m²·g⁻¹ and a small pore size of 0.6589 nm. The AC exhibited a high adsorption capacity for heavy metals (removal efficiency of 99.9% for Hg and 74.7% for Cu), pigments, and pesticide residues (removal efficiency of 100.0% for 16 types of organic phosphorus pesticides). The adsorption mechanism was analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The AC with excellent adsorption performance provides promising potential for application in wastewater treatment.

水污染已成为人类面临的主要环境问题。虽然茶渣通常作为废物丢弃，但它可以用作制备用于废水处理的多孔碳的生物资源。_{在本研究中，使用 ZnCl 2}、H ₃ PO ₄、H ₂ SO ₄、NaOH 和 KOH从茶叶渣制备活性炭 (AC) 。考察了制备条件的影响，并根据活性炭的碘值确定了最佳条件。与其他活化剂衍生的 AC 相比， ZnCl ₂衍生的 AC 具有最高的碘值，为 1519.0 mg/g。正交试验的结果证实了 ZnCl _2的浓度是准备 AC 的最重要因素。优化后的活性炭具有发达的微孔结构，具有1029 m ² ·g ^-1的高比表面积和0.6589 nm 的小孔径。活性炭对重金属（对汞的去除效率为 99.9%，对铜的去除效率为 74.7%）、色素和农药残留（对 16 种有机磷农药的去除效率为 100.0%）具有很高的吸附能力。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析吸附机理。具有优异吸附性能的活性炭在废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。