CO₂ capture at high temperature using CaO-based sorbent is increasingly being implemented at pilot scales for post- and pre-combustion technologies worldwide. The key issue in these technologies is the sorbent degradation under repeated cycles due to sintering-induced agglomeration that adversely impacts the solid inventory and plant operation. Sorbent modifications to inhibit sintering primarily include applying suitable synthetic techniques to enhance morphological properties and infusing stabilizers to disperse CaO. Given the wide range of material options (inert/stabilisers), the theoretical prediction of plant-level performance becomes indispensable for design upscale. Plant modelling subsumes sorbent-level kinetics, occurring at the microscopic scale, into the column-level transport occurring at macroscopic scales. This review emphasizes different theoretical approaches in CaO-based high-temperature CO₂ capture. These encompass (I) thermodynamics addressing the equilibrium characteristics, modes of operation and integrated calcium looping technologies; (II) sorbent-level kinetic models describing sorbent morphology evolution and underlying physico-chemical phenomena; (III) column-level hydrodynamic models coupling chemical kinetics to reactor hydrodynamics for predicting the breakthrough characteristics and capture efficiencies. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive theoretical perspective for plant-level operation.

二氧化碳₂使用 CaO 基吸附剂在高温下捕集越来越多地以中试规模实施，用于全球范围内的燃烧后和燃烧前技术。这些技术的关键问题是由于烧结引起的团聚在重复循环下吸附剂降解，这对固体库存和工厂运行产生不利影响。抑制烧结的吸附剂改性主要包括应用合适的合成技术来增强形态特性和注入稳定剂以分散 CaO。鉴于材料选择范围广泛（惰性/稳定剂），工厂级性能的理论预测对于高档设计变得必不可少。工厂建模将发生在微观尺度上的吸附剂级动力学包含在发生在宏观尺度上的柱级传输中。₂捕获。这些包括 (I) 解决平衡特性、操作模式和集成钙循环技术的热力学；(II) 描述吸附剂形态演变和潜在物理化学现象的吸附剂级动力学模型；(III) 将化学动力学与反应器流体动力学耦合的柱级流体动力学模型，用于预测突破特性和捕获效率。总体而言，该评论为工厂级运营提供了全面的理论视角。