To examine the associations between BMI categories and subsequent 3-year cognitive decline among older adults, and to test whether physical activity modifies the associations. Study sample included n = 1028 cognitively unimpaired older adults participating in the Étude sur la Santé des Aînés (ESA)-Services longitudinal study and followed 3 years later. Cognitive decline was defined as a decrease of > 3 points in MMSE scores between baseline and follow-up. BMI categories (normal weight (reference), underweight, overweight, obese) were derived from self-reported weight and height. Moderate to vigorous physical activity of ≥20 min (# of times per week) was self-reported. The presence of chronic disorders was ascertained from administrative and self-reported data. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the risk of cognitive decline associated with BMI categories stratified by weekly physical activity (≥140 min), the presence of metabolic, cardiovascular and anxio-depressive disorders. In the overall sample, there was no evidence that underweight, overweight, or obesity, as compared to normal weight, was associated with cognitive decline, after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Individuals with overweight reporting high physical activity had lower odds of cognitive decline (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07–0.89), whereas no association was observed in individuals with overweight reporting low physical activity (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.41–1.75). Among participants with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, individuals with overweight reporting high physical activity had lower odds of cognitive decline (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.59 and OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01–0.92 respectively), whereas no association was observed in those with low physical activity. Physical activity modifies the association between overweight and cognitive decline in older adults overall, as in those with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Results highlight the importance of promoting and encouraging regular physical activity in older adults with overweight as prevention against cognitive decline.

中文翻译：

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社区老年人的体重指数和认知能力下降：体力活动的调节作用

研究老年人 BMI 类别与随后 3 年认知能力下降之间的关联，并测试体育活动是否会改变这种关联。研究样本包括参加 Étude sur la Santé des Aînés (ESA)-Services 纵向研究并在 3 年后随访的 n = 1028 名认知未受损的老年人。认知下降定义为基线和随访之间 MMSE 评分下降 > 3 分。BMI 类别（正常体重（参考）、体重不足、超重、肥胖）来自自我报告的体重和身高。自我报告≥20 分钟（每周次数）的中度至剧烈体力活动。从行政和自我报告的数据确定慢性疾病的存在。逻辑回归分析用于研究与按每周体育活动（≥140 分钟）、代谢、心血管和焦虑抑郁障碍分层的 BMI 类别相关的认知下降风险。在整个样本中，在调整社会人口学、生活方式因素和合并症后，与正常体重相比，没有证据表明体重不足、超重或肥胖与认知能力下降有关。报告高体力活动的超重个体认知能力下降的几率较低（OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07-0.89），而报告低体力活动的超重个体未观察到相关性（OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.41） –1.75)。在患有代谢和心血管疾病的参与者中，报告高体力活动的超重个体认知能力下降的几率较低（OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01-0.59 和 OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.92），而在体力活动低的个体中未观察到相关性活动。身体活动改变了老年人整体超重和认知能力下降之间的关联，就像那些患有代谢和心血管疾病的人一样。结果强调了促进和鼓励超重老年人定期进行体育锻炼以预防认知能力下降的重要性。身体活动改变了老年人整体超重和认知能力下降之间的关联，就像那些患有代谢和心血管疾病的人一样。结果强调了促进和鼓励超重老年人定期进行体育锻炼以预防认知能力下降的重要性。身体活动改变了老年人整体超重和认知能力下降之间的关联，就像那些患有代谢和心血管疾病的人一样。结果强调了促进和鼓励超重老年人定期进行体育锻炼以预防认知能力下降的重要性。