Discharge of untreated or improperly managed landfill leachate could pose a significant threat on environment due to the high strength of complex inorganic composition and abundant refractory humic acid (HA). This is the first work introducing a promising energy efficient technology using Ti₄O₇ anode reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) coupled with permonosulfate (PMS) to address HA-enriched wastewater. The removal performance, possible generation of reactive species along with reaction mechanisms in PMS/REM system were proposed and compared with the traditional REM system. Regardless of electrical potential, chlorine concentration, water flux and PMS dosage (with similar ionic strength by adding SO₄^2- for REM alone), the hybrid PMS/REM system prevails the REM system alone in terms of HA degradation and energy efficiency. However, the extent of removal performance is also largely dependent upon specific condition. An increase in PMS dosage and anode electrical potential was beneficial for HA degradation, but addition of chloride imposed adverse effects on HA removal efficiency. Of those parameters, the influence of water flux on HA degradation was trivial. Compared to REM alone, in which HA was mostly removed via electrosorption, PMS/REM system, otherwise, significantly enhanced mineralization of HA. The electron paramagnetic resonance experiments demonstrated the absence of sulfate radical (SO₄^•-) in the PMS/REM system and implied that the more efficient performance of the hybrid system over the REM system was likely ascribed to the higher yield of hydroxyl radical (•OH). Besides, nonradical oxidation also played an important role in the PMS/REM system with the formation of a transition state of PMS molecule (PMS*), which could facilitate •OH production by inhibiting oxygen evolution site reactions.

由于复杂无机成分的高强度和丰富的难降解腐植酸 (HA)，未经处理或管理不当的垃圾渗滤液排放可能对环境构成重大威胁。_{这是第一项使用 Ti 4} O ₇阳极反应电化学膜 (REM) 与过硫酸盐 (PMS) 结合来处理富含 HA 的废水的有前景的节能技术的第一项工作。提出了 PMS/REM 系统的去除性能、可能产生的活性物质以及反应机理，并与传统的 REM 系统进行了比较。无论电势、氯浓度、水通量和 PMS 剂量如何（通过添加 SO ₄ ^{2-具有相似的离子强度}仅 REM），混合 PMS/REM 系统在 HA 降解和能源效率方面优于仅 REM 系统。然而，去除性能的程度也很大程度上取决于具体条件。PMS 剂量和阳极电位的增加有利于 HA 降解，但添加氯化物对 HA 去除效率产生不利影响。在这些参数中，水通量对 HA 降解的影响是微不足道的。与单独的 REM（其中 HA 主要通过电吸附去除）相比，PMS/REM 系统显着增强了 HA 的矿化。电子顺磁共振实验证明不存在硫酸根（SO ₄ ^•-) 在 PMS/REM 系统中，并暗示混合系统比 REM 系统更有效的性能可能归因于羟基自由基 (•OH) 的更高产率。此外，非自由基氧化在 PMS/REM 体系中也发挥了重要作用，形成了 PMS 分子的过渡态 (PMS*)，可通过抑制析氧位点反应促进•OH 的产生。