Preparing pure collagen fiber woven materials involves a series of complex unit operations by conventional process with sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide system, resulting in high cost and serious environmental pollution. So, a green and high-efficiency ecological processing technology was designed by using alkaline protease to remove hair and open collagen fiber-bundles after pre-swelling bovine hides with alkali. In this work, the effect of hairs removal, hydrolysis of non-collagen components and penetration mechanism of alkaline protease are studied, and the properties of cross-linked pure collagen materials and the pollutants load of wastewater from the alkaline protease process after alkali pre-swelling are analyzed and evaluated to compare with those of conventional one. As a result, the hairs of bovine hides were removed completely and the proteoglycans in hides were hydrolyzed thoroughly in 30 h by alkaline protease process after alkali pre-swelling. The fibers fullness, fleeciness and grain surface smooth of cross-linked pure collagen material from the alkaline protease process after NaOH pre-swelling are better than those of the Ca(OH)₂ pre-swelling and conventional processes. Especially, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total solids (TS) and discharged wastewater (WD) of the pollutant loads from the alkaline protease process after NaOH pre-swelling are 58%, 76.75%, 76.03% and 61.07% lower respectively than those of conventional one. This work is hopeful to provide a cleaner and simplifier method for manufacturing the ecological pure collagen based woven materials.

制备纯胶原纤维编织材料，采用硫化钠和氢氧化钙体系的常规工艺，需要一系列复杂的单元操作，成本高，环境污染严重。为此，设计了一种绿色、高效的生态加工工艺，采用碱性蛋白酶对牛皮进行碱预溶胀后脱毛，打开胶原纤维束。本工作研究了碱性蛋白酶的脱毛效果、非胶原蛋白成分的水解和渗透机理，以及碱性蛋白酶预处理后交联纯胶原蛋白材料的性质和碱性蛋白酶工艺废水的污染物负荷。对溶胀进行分析和评估，以与常规溶胀进行比较。因此，在碱预溶胀后，用碱性蛋白酶法在30 h内彻底去除牛皮毛，使牛皮中的蛋白多糖完全水解。碱性蛋白酶法经NaOH预溶胀后的交联纯胶原蛋白材料的纤维丰满度、蓬松度和粒面光滑度均优于Ca(OH)₂预溶胀和常规工艺。尤其是NaOH预溶胀后碱性蛋白酶工艺污染物负荷的化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH ₃ -N)、总固体(TS)和废水排放(WD)分别为58%、76.75% 、76.03% 和 61.07% 分别比传统的低。该工作有望为生态纯胶原基编织材料的制造提供一种更清洁、更简单的方法。