Systems thinking has emerged as a necessary approach to effective management, including occupational health and safety. Considering the recent publication of the international standard ISO 45001:2018 on occupational health & safety management systems (OHSMS), this study evaluated the extent to which it incorporates systems thinking aspects derived from the literature. The qualitative assessment of the standard against eight systems thinking tenets, each of them referring to the internal and external organisational context, revealed an adequate degree of their coverage. Overall, the effective implementation of the new standard could encourage organisations to move beyond a focus on individual system components and better understand and manage their socio-technical system by contemplating the multiple interactions amongst its elements. However, our findings also indicated a tendency of ISO 45001:2018 to focus more internally, view external agents mainly as constraints and not opportunities and implicitly promote a highly systematic approach that does not recognise local adjustments to manage variability. Subject to the need for field research to investigate the above in organisations implementing the new standard, the results from this study can raise the awareness of the industry about strengths and possible gaps when implementing their OHSMS and inform international and regional bodies when introducing new standards or revising existing ones that focus heavily on socio-technical systems. Additionally, the inclusive list of systems thinking tenets developed as part of this research can function as an updated reference for studies about systems thinking in any socio-technical environment.

系统思维已成为有效管理（包括职业健康和安全）的必要方法。考虑到最近发布的关于职业健康与安全管理体系 (OHSMS) 的国际标准 ISO 45001:2018，本研究评估了它在多大程度上纳入了源自文献的系统思维方面。根据八个系统思维原则对标准进行定性评估，每个原则都涉及内部和外部组织环境，揭示了它们的充分覆盖程度。总体而言，新标准的有效实施可以鼓励组织超越对单个系统组件的关注，并通过考虑其元素之间的多重交互来更好地理解和管理其社会技术系统。然而，我们的调查结果还表明，ISO 45001:2018 倾向于更多地关注内部，将外部代理主要视为限制而非机会，并隐含地提倡一种高度系统化的方法，该方法不承认管理可变性的局部调整。根据实地调研的需要，在实施新标准的组织中调查上述情况，本研究的结果可以提高行业对实施 OHSMS 时的优势和可能存在的差距的认识，并在引入新标准或新标准时通知国际和区域机构。修改现有的重点关注社会技术系统的系统。此外，