The current trend in nanoparticle (NP) synthesis consists in addressing a multi-objective optimization, whose targets are maximization of product yield together with minimization of energy waste and risk factors related to the use of hazardous reagents, severe operative conditions and unsafe unit operations. In this context, two different top-down, one-step mechanosynthesis techniques based on green capping agents have been proposed for the production and functionalization of Ag zerovalent NPs at room temperature in the presence and absence of a milling medium. Three different monosaccharides and one disaccharide have been tested as stabilizing agents without any chemical functionalization based on specific groups usually adopted as linkers to the metal surface. The as-prepared Ag NPs have been characterized for composition and size, giving average diameters in the range of 9–23 nm for all types of sugars employed, acting both as stabilizers and oxidation inhibitors. The bead-milling techniques here proposed, owing to their low running and equipment costs, may represent an alternative to conventional indirect attritor millers in future applications on a larger scale for the synthesis of functionalized metal NPs.

中文翻译：

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碳水化合物功能化银纳米粒子的可持续、自上而下的机械合成

纳米颗粒 (NP) 合成的当前趋势在于解决多目标优化问题，其目标是最大限度地提高产品产量，同时最大限度地减少能源浪费和与使用危险试剂、严酷的操作条件和不安全的单元操作相关的风险因素。在这种情况下，已经提出了两种不同的基于绿色封端剂的自上而下的一步机械合成技术，用于在室温下在存在和不存在研磨介质的情况下生产和功能化 Ag 零价 NPs。已经测试了三种不同的单糖和一种二糖作为稳定剂，没有任何基于通常用作金属表面连接剂的特定基团的化学官能化。已对所制备的 Ag NPs 的组成和尺寸进行了表征，给出所有类型的糖的平均直径在 9-23 nm 范围内，作为稳定剂和氧化抑制剂。这里提出的珠磨技术，由于其低运行和设备成本，可能代表在未来更大规模应用中用于合成功能化金属纳米颗粒的传统间接磨碎机的替代方案。