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Mandatory detention for criminal convictions: The reproduction of racial inequality through U.S. immigration law
Law & Policy ( IF 1.222 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-10 , DOI: 10.1111/lapo.12179
Sarah Tosh 1
Affiliation  

Since the late 1980s, immigrants convicted of certain criminal offenses have been subject to mandatory detention during their deportation proceedings. Due to court backlog and complicated cases, noncitizens mandatorily detained in this way can be held for years at a time, without any legal right to a bail hearing. While political rhetoric and policy aims of the past three decades have painted so-called “criminal aliens” as a highly dangerous group from whom the American public needs protecting, the criminal convictions that invoke mandatory detention and likely deportation are actually quite diverse, in large part due to the expansion of the “aggravated felony” ground of deportation to include a wide variety of less serious crimes. Drawing from 40 interviews with lawyers and other legal actors in New York City's detained immigration court from 2017 to 2018, this article explores the effects of aggravated felony–based mandatory detention. I argue that in doubly punishing immigrants who have already served time for criminal convictions, the immigration system funnels criminalized noncitizens—particularly those from poor Black and Latinx communities—toward deportation, perpetuating inequality and upholding existing racial hierarchies.

中文翻译:

刑事定罪强制拘留:通过美国移民法再现种族不平等

自 1980 年代后期以来,被判犯有某些刑事罪行的移民在驱逐程序期间一直受到强制拘留。由于法庭积压和案件复杂,以这种方式被强制拘留的非公民可以一次被关押多年,没有任何合法的保释听证权。虽然过去 30 年的政治言论和政策目标将所谓的“犯罪外国人”描绘为美国公众需要保护的高度危险的群体,但导致强制拘留和可能驱逐出境的刑事定罪实际上是多种多样的,在很大程度上部分原因是驱逐出境的“加重重罪”理由扩大到包括各种不太严重的罪行。来自对纽约市律师和其他法律行为者的 40 次采访 在 2017 年至 2018 年被拘留的移民法庭,本文探讨了基于加重重罪的强制拘留的影响。我认为,在双重惩罚已经因刑事定罪服刑的移民时,移民系统将非公民——特别是来自贫穷的黑人和拉丁裔社区的非公民——引向驱逐出境,使不平等现象长期存在并维护现有的种族等级制度。
更新日期:2022-01-10
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