Energy transitions are in many respects past the early exploration stages and moving towards the urgently needed mass market take-up. We examine the Finnish energy transition regarding how solutions – heat-pumps, deep retrofits and new district-wide solutions – that have demonstrated economic benefits and reasonable payback times have faced slow uptake and slow market development. We focus on the difficulties that suppliers and adopters face in establishing the value and singularization of goods when adopters need to act as calculative agents in the market. When the intermediation processes needed for market development do not cover the all the needed aspects, these market difficulties can persist until late in the transition process. We further elaborate how the intermediation takes place in ecologies of actors that become complex once the complexity of goods grows and the intermediation becomes tied to formalized arenas such as those found in urban development. Periodic assessment of the effectiveness of markets and ecologies of intermediation can inform policy interventions on market development.

能源转型在许多方面已经超越了早期的探索阶段，正朝着迫切需要的大众市场发展迈进。我们研究了芬兰的能源转型，即热泵、深度改造和新的区域性解决方案等已证明具有经济效益和合理回报时间的解决方案如何面临缓慢的吸收和缓慢的市场发展。当采用者需要在市场中充当计算代理人时，我们关注供应商和采用者在确定商品的价值和单一化方面面临的困难。当市场发展所需的中介过程不能涵盖所有需要的方面时，这些市场困难可能会持续到过渡过程的后期。我们进一步阐述了中介是如何在行为者的生态中发生的，一旦商品的复杂性增加，中介就变得复杂，并且中介与城市发展中的正规领域联系在一起。定期评估市场和中介生态的有效性可以为市场发展的政策干预提供信息。